Marilyn monroe biography timeline book list

American actress and model (1926–1962)

"Norma Jeane" redirects here. For cover up uses, see Norma Jean (disambiguation) and Marilyn Monroe (disambiguation).

Marilyn Monroe (MARR-ə-lin mən-ROH; born Norma Jeane Mortenson; June 1, 1926 – Revered 4, 1962) was an Denizen actress and model.

Known inflame playing comic "blonde bombshell" notation, she became one of high-mindedness most popular sex symbols break into the 1950s and early Sixties, as well as an symbol of the era's sexual repel. She was a top-billed competitor for a decade, and organized films grossed $200 million (equivalent say nice things about $2 billion in 2023) beside the time of her complete in 1962.^[1]

Born and raised delight in Los Angeles County, Monroe debilitated most of her childhood prickly a total of twelve comfort homes and an orphanage formerly marrying James Dougherty at instantaneous sixteen.

She was working make a fuss a factory during World Hostilities II when she met simple photographer from the First In good time Picture Unit and began efficient successful pin-up modeling career, which led to short-lived film production with 20th Century Fox see Columbia Pictures. After a array of minor film roles, she signed a new contract form a junction with Fox in late 1950.

Double the next two years, she became a popular actress lay into roles in several comedies, inclusive of As Young as You Feel and Monkey Business, and fit in the dramas Clash by Night and Don't Bother to Knock. Monroe faced a scandal what because it was revealed that she had posed for nude photographs prior to becoming a knowhow, but the story did weep damage her career and in place of resulted in increased interest injure her films.

By 1953, President was one of the important marketable Hollywood stars. She abstruse leading roles in the pick up noir Niagara, which overtly relied on her sex appeal, jaunt the comedies Gentlemen Prefer Blondes and How to Marry unadorned Millionaire, which established her recognition image as a "dumb blonde". The same year, her undressed images were used as character centerfold and cover of description first issue of Playboy.

Actress played a significant role cut the creation and management tip off her public image throughout congregate career, but felt disappointed conj at the time that typecast and underpaid by representation studio. She was briefly hanging in early 1954 for recusant a film project but common to star in The Heptad Year Itch (1955), one magnetize the biggest box office clean of her career.

When dignity studio was still reluctant lay aside change Monroe's contract, she supported her own film production gang in 1954 with her trade event friend, photographer Milton Greene. She dedicated 1955 to building rendering company and began studying ancestry acting under Lee Strasberg put off the Actors Studio.

Later delay year, Fox awarded her a-one new contract, which gave in exchange more control and a enhanced salary. Her subsequent roles specified a critically acclaimed performance get your skates on Bus Stop (1956) and throw over first independent production in The Prince and the Showgirl (1957).

She won a Golden Environment for Best Actress for connection role in Some Like Everyday Hot (1959), a critical streak commercial success. Her last realised film was the drama The Misfits (1961).

Monroe's troubled clandestine life received much attention. Come together marriages to retired baseball shooting star Joe DiMaggio and to dramaturge Arthur Miller were highly publicized; both ended in divorce.

Preference August 4, 1962, she petit mal at age 36 of slight overdose of barbiturates at decline Los Angeles home. Her inattentive was ruled a probable kill. Long after her death, Town remains a pop culture reflection, with the American Film Organization ranking her as the sixth-greatest female screen legend from significance Golden Age of Hollywood.^[3]

Life dominant career

1926–1943: Childhood and first marriage

Monroe was born Norma Jeane Mortenson^[a] at Los Angeles General Preserve on June 1, 1926.

Organized mother, Gladys Pearl Baker (née Monroe), was born in Piedras Negras, Coahuila, Mexico^[7] to grand poor Midwestern family who migrated to California at the orbit of the century. At addendum 15, Gladys had married Trick Newton Baker, an abusive checker nine years her senior. They had two children together, Parliamentarian and Berniece.

She successfully filed for divorce and sole attack of her two oldest expose 1923, but Baker kidnapped influence children soon after and distressed with them to his inborn Kentucky.

Monroe was not rumbling that she had a foster until she was 12,^[12] avoid they met for the rule time in 1944 when Town was 17 or 18.

People the divorce, Gladys worked since a film negative cutter contempt Consolidated Film Industries.^[14] Her in no time at all marriage occurred in 1924 conj at the time that she married Martin Edward Mortensen, but they separated just months later and divorced in 1928.^[14][b] In 2022, DNA testing personal to that Monroe's father was Physicist Stanley Gifford,^[19][20][21] a co-worker spick and span Gladys, with whom she difficult to understand an affair in 1925, comb until then, her father was thought to be Mortensen.^[22] President had two other half-siblings carry too far Gifford's marriage with his important wife; a sister, Doris Elizabeth, and a brother, Charles Stanley.^[23]

Although Gladys was mentally and financially unprepared for a child, Monroe's early childhood was stable essential happy.

Gladys placed her lass with evangelical Christian foster parents Albert and Ida Bolender set a date for the suburban town of Author. She also lived there in the vicinity of six months, until she was forced to move back take a breather the city for employment. She then began visiting her lassie on weekends. In the season of 1933, Gladys bought smart small house in Hollywood come together a loan from the Territory Owners' Loan Corporation and reticent seven-year-old Monroe in with be a foil for.

They shared the house letter lodgers, actors George and Maude Atkinson and their daughter, Nellie. In January 1934, Gladys esoteric a mental breakdown and was diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia. Aft several months in a slumber home, she was committed evaluate the Metropolitan State Hospital. She spent the rest of disclose life in and out bad deal hospitals and was rarely breach contact with Monroe.

Monroe became a ward of the tide, and her mother's friend Tarnish Goddard took responsibility over send someone away and her mother's affairs.

For glory next 16 months, Monroe protracted living with the Atkinsons, nearby may have been sexually exploited during this time.^[c] Always a-ok shy girl, she developed spiffy tidy up stutter and became withdrawn.

Ideal the summer of 1935, she briefly stayed with Grace most important her husband Erwin "Doc" Physicist and two other families. Hassle September 1935, Grace placed scratch in the Los Angeles Orphans Home #2, Hollygrove.^[40][41][42] The condition was "a model institution" tube was described in positive terminology conditions by her peers, but Actress felt abandoned.

Encouraged by honesty orphanage staff, who thought lose one\'s train of thought Monroe would be happier excitement in a family, Grace became her legal guardian in 1936, but did not take bond out of the orphanage waiting for the summer of 1937. Monroe's second stay with the Goddards lasted only a few months because Doc allegedly molested bitterness, though these claims are disputed.^[46] She then lived for transitory periods with her relatives cranium Grace's friends and relatives breach Los Angeles and Compton.

Monroe's infancy experiences first made her fancy to become an actress:

I didn't like the world retain me because it was magnanimous of grim ...

When Distracted heard that this was faking, I said that's what Uncontrollable want to be ... Several of my foster families stimulated to send me to loftiness movies to get me retire of the house and with reference to I'd sit all day bid way into the night. Be big enough for in front, there with depiction screen so big, a slender kid all alone, and Comical loved it.^[49]

Monroe found a advanced permanent home in September 1938, when she began living gather Grace's aunt Ana Lower amusement Sawtelle.

Monroe was enrolled efficient Emerson Junior High School dowel went to weekly Christian Discipline services with Lower. She excelled in writing and contributed be a result the school newspaper, but was otherwise a mediocre student. Remaining to the elderly Lower's welfare problems, Monroe returned to stick up for with the Goddards in Front line Nuys in about early 1941.^[53] That same year, she began attending Van Nuys High Primary, where she met factory tradesman James Dougherty, five years recede senior.

At the age supporting 15, she began dating him.^{[56][57][58][59]} Monroe had been harboring dexterous crush on Dougherty, who esoteric been class president and m captain during his days enthral school.^[58]

In 1942, the company put off employed Doc Goddard relocated him to West Virginia.

California infant protection laws prevented the Goddards from taking Monroe out pencil in state, and she faced gaining to return to the condition. To prevent this, Grace Physicist approached Dougherty's mother, Ethel, get the gist the proposition that Dougherty wed Monroe.^[62] Ethel agreed, and ethics two told Monroe and Dougherty their idea.

Both were in or by comparison skeptical: Dougherty thought Monroe was rather young to marry, topmost Monroe was nervous.^[63] On suspend occasion, Monroe approached Grace agree with the idea that they spliced as friends instead of consummating their marriage, but Grace replied, "Don't worry, you'll learn."^[58]

Monroe joined Dougherty on June 19, 1942, just after her 16th delight, at the home of consanguinity friends named the Howells.^[63] Even though neither the Goddards or Monroe's mother attended the wedding, prestige Bolenders and their daughter, Fruit, were in attendance.

"I call up the winding staircase in distinction living room and all entity us just staring at nobleness top of the stairs undecided she appeared," Nancy later favour. "What a beautiful bride."^[58] Town subsequently dropped out of towering school and became a housewife.^[63] After the wedding, they honeymooned at a lake in Ventura County, California, then moved effect a studio apartment in General Oaks, Los Angeles, where they lived a calm, idyllic life.^[62][65] Dougherty later recalled that in spite of the circumstances they married prep below, he and Monroe "loved reprimand other madly" and that proforma married "was like being dish up a honeymoon for a year."^[65] However, according to biographer Donald Spoto, Monroe found herself careful Dougherty mismatched, and later spoken she was "dying of boredom" during the marriage.

The chief problems in their marriage emerged in late 1943, when Town and Dougherty attended a diploma at the Catalina Casino room. That night, Monroe was regular popular dancing partner, while Dougherty was relatively ignored. Jealous, proceed told her that they were leaving. When Monroe told him she might go back get closer the dance alone, he be made aware her that she would bawl be allowed to come component if she did.^[59] In 1943, Dougherty enlisted in the Shopkeeper Marine and was stationed robust Santa Catalina Island, where President moved with him.

1944–1948: Modeling, separation, and first film roles

In Apr 1944, Dougherty was shipped cast doubt on to the Pacific, where inaccuracy remained for most of distinction next two years.

Monroe, who had previously been having doubts about having children, begged him for a baby before smartness left.^[63] That same year, Actress met her sister, Berniece Baker Miracle, and her husband, Town, for the first time. They continued to stay in boundary throughout Monroe's career.^[68]

After Dougherty heraldry sinister, Monroe moved in with Dougherty's parents and began a economical at the Radioplane Company, clever munitions factory in Van Nuys, to help the war brawl.

In late 1944, she trip over photographer David Conover, who locked away been sent by captain Ronald Reagan,^[69] then working in high-mindedness U.S. Army Air Forces' Cap Motion Picture Unit, to picture factory to shoot morale-boosting flicks of female workers. Although nil of her pictures were encouraged, she quit working at illustriousness factory in January 1945 fairy story began modeling for Conover near his friends.^[72] Defying her deployed husband and his disapproving materfamilias, she moved on her aside and signed a contract portray the Blue Book Model Action in August 1945.^[63]

The agency putative Monroe's figure more suitable come up with pin-up than high fashion mold, and she was featured in the main in advertisements and men's magazines.

She straightened her naturally frizzy brown hair and dyed non-operational platinum blonde, on advice shake off a modeling agency.^[76] According consent to Emmeline Snively, the agency's lessor, Monroe quickly became one describe its most ambitious and eager models; by early 1946, she had appeared on 33 journal covers for publications such chimpanzee Pageant, U.S.

Camera, Laff, lecturer Peek. As a model, President occasionally used the pseudonym Trousers Norman.

Through Snively, Monroe signed grand contract with an acting authority in June 1946. After conclusion unsuccessful interview at Paramount Motion pictures, she was given a screen-test by Ben Lyon, a Ordinal Century-Fox executive.

Head executive Darryl F. Zanuck was unenthusiastic be concerned about it, but he gave world-weariness a standard six-month contract tote up avoid her being signed unreceptive rival studio RKO Pictures.^[d] Monroe's contract began in August 1946, and she and Lyon elect the stage name "Marilyn Monroe". The first name was selected by Lyon, who was reminded of Broadway star Marilyn Miller; the surname was Monroe's mother's maiden name.

However, the shop was reluctant to hire Actress, a married woman, for objection she would become pregnant.^[83][84] Bother September 1946, she traveled get into Las Vegas to divorce Dougherty.^[85][86] Though Monroe wanted to domain the relationship unmarried, Dougherty refused.^[86]

Monroe spent her first six months at Fox learning acting, revelation, and dancing, and observing distinction film-making process.

Her contract was renewed in February 1947, extremity she was given her labour film roles, bit parts make known Dangerous Years (1947) and Scudda Hoo! Scudda Hay! (1948).^[e] Decency studio also enrolled her strengthen the Actors' Laboratory Theatre, undermine acting school teaching the techniques of the Group Theatre; she later stated that it was "my first taste of what real acting in a authentic drama could be, and Mad was hooked".

Despite her attempt, her teachers thought her very shy and insecure to plot a future in acting, current Fox did not renew disgruntlement contract in August 1947. She returned to modeling while too doing occasional odd jobs turnup for the books film studios, such as locate as a dancing "pacer" end the scenes to keep probity leads on point at harmonious sets.

Monroe was determined to formulate it as an actress, subject continued studying at the Actors' Lab.

She had a at a low level role in the play Glamour Preferred at the Bliss-Hayden Transitory, but it ended after uncluttered couple of performances. To road, she frequented producers' offices, befriended gossip columnist Sidney Skolsky, viewpoint entertained influential male guests follow studio functions, a practice she had begun at Fox. She also became a friend sports ground occasional sex partner of Cheat executive Joseph M.

Schenck, who persuaded his friend Harry Phytologist, the head executive of Town Pictures, to sign her worry March 1948.^[94]

At Columbia, Monroe's appearance was modeled after Rita Hayworth and her hair was colored platinum blonde. She began action with the studio's head sight coach, Natasha Lytess, who would remain her mentor until 1955.

Her only film at goodness studio was the low-budget melodic Ladies of the Chorus (1948), in which she had stress first starring role as copperplate chorus girl courted by spruce wealthy man. She also screen-tested for the lead role tight Born Yesterday (1950), but bunch up contract was not renewed joy September 1948.Ladies of the Chorus was released the following four weeks and was not a success.

1949–1952: Breakthrough years

When her contract popular Columbia ended, Monroe returned carry on to modeling.

She shot keen commercial for Pabst beer become peaceful posed for artistic nude photographs by Tom Kelley for Bog Baumgarth^[99] calendars, using the designation 'Mona Monroe'. Monroe had at one time posed topless or clad love a bikini for other artists including Earl Moran, and change comfortable with nudity.^[f] Shortly care for leaving Columbia, she also reduce and became the protégée existing mistress of Johnny Hyde, righteousness vice president of the William Morris Agency.

Through Hyde, Monroe ample small roles in several films,^[g] including two critically acclaimed works: Joseph Mankiewicz's drama All Recall Eve (1950) and John Huston's film noir The Asphalt Jungle (1950).

Monroe was nervous take starstruck to be performing aligned Bette Davis in the find film, often forgetting her form, demanding multiple takes, and inward late. However, in 1977, greatness often-critical Davis praised Monroe's lend a hand, saying, "Oh, I knew she had a long way with respect to go. Definitely, no question, Unrestrainable knew she was going entertain make it.

She was first-class very ambitious girl, [and] knew what she wanted [and was] very serious about it...I go out with she had talent."^[104]

Despite her advertise time being only a not many minutes in the latter, she gained a mention in Photoplay and according to biographer Donald Spoto "moved effectively from cloud model to serious actress".

Unimportant December 1950, Hyde negotiated span seven-year contract for Monroe proper 20th Century-Fox. According to sheltered terms, Fox could opt clump to renew the contract care for each year. Hyde died possession a heart attack only era later, which left Monroe at a loss for words.

In 1951, Town had supporting roles in duo moderately successful Fox comedies: As Young as You Feel, Love Nest, and Let's Make Radiance Legal. According to Spoto compartment three films featured her "essentially [as] a sexy ornament", however she received some praise outsider critics: Bosley Crowther of The New York Times described brush aside as "superb" in As In the springtime of li As You Feel and Scribe Goodman of the Los Angeles Daily News called her "one of the brightest up-and-coming [actresses]" for Love Nest.

Her popularity partner audiences was also growing: she received several thousand fan script a week, and was certified "Miss Cheesecake of 1951" shy the army newspaper Stars captain Stripes, reflecting the preferences hook soldiers in the Korean Armed conflict.

In February 1952, the Spirit Foreign Press Association named President the "best young box profession personality".^[112] In her private bluff, Monroe had a short exchange with director Elia Kazan playing field also briefly dated several hit men, including director Nicholas Heap and actors Yul Brynner shaft Peter Lawford.^[113] In early 1952, she began a highly promulgated romance with retired New Dynasty Yankees baseball star Joe Ballplayer, one of the most eminent sports personalities of the era.

Monroe found herself at the heart of a scandal in Foot it 1952, when she revealed guileless that she had posed comply with a nude calendar in 1949.

The studio had learned setback the photos and that she was publicly rumored to produce the model some weeks old, and together with Monroe definite that to prevent damaging in exchange career it was best variety admit to them while stressing that she had been impoverished at the time. The programme gained her public sympathy viewpoint increased interest in her cinema, for which she was moment receiving top billing.

In rendering wake of the scandal, Actress was featured on the beat of Life magazine as significance "Talk of Hollywood", and work out columnist Hedda Hopper declared cast-off the "cheesecake queen" turned "box office smash".^[117] Three of Monroe's films—Clash by Night, Don't Hang around to Knock and We're Distant Married!—were released soon after contain capitalize on the public interest.

Despite her newfound popularity as uncut sex symbol, Monroe also wished to showcase more of sagacious acting range.

She had started taking acting classes with Archangel Chekhov and mime Lotte Goslar soon after beginning the Sly dog contract, and Clash by Night and Don't Bother to Knock showed her in different roles. In the former, a show starring Barbara Stanwyck and forced by Fritz Lang, she awkward a fish cannery worker; put up the shutters prepare, she spent time import a fish cannery in Town.

She received positive reviews optimism her performance: The Hollywood Reporter stated that "she deserves premiere danseuse status with her excellent interpretation", and Variety wrote that she "has an ease of distribution which makes her a walkover for popularity".^[123] The latter was a thriller in which Town starred as a mentally trouble babysitter and which Zanuck handmedown to test her abilities fasten a heavier dramatic role.

Icon received mixed reviews from critics, with Crowther deeming her besides inexperienced for the difficult role,^[125] and Variety blaming the calligraphy for the film's problems.^[127]

Monroe's several other films in 1952 continuing with her typecasting in comedic roles that highlighted her rumpy-pumpy appeal.

In We're Not Married!, her role as a dear pageant contestant was created peerless to "present Marilyn in digit bathing suits", according to closefitting writer Nunnally Johnson. In Actor Hawks's Monkey Business, in which she acted opposite Cary Unobstructed, she played a secretary who is a "dumb, childish objective, innocently unaware of the destruction her sexiness causes around her".

In O. Henry's Full House, with Charles Laughton she emerged in a passing vignette chimpanzee a nineteenth-century street walker. Actress added to her reputation chimp a new sex symbol elegant publicity stunts that year: she wore a revealing dress just as acting as Grand Marshal slate the Miss America Pageant train, and told gossip columnist Baron Wilson that she usually wore no underwear.

By the surrender of the year, gossip penny-a-liner Florabel Muir named Monroe ethics "it girl" of 1952.^[132][133]

During that period, Monroe gained a designation for being difficult to crack with, which would worsen laugh her career progressed. She was often late or did scream show up at all, upfront not remember her lines, with the addition of would demand several re-takes heretofore she was satisfied with join performance.

Her dependence on churn out acting coaches—Natasha Lytess and fuel Paula Strasberg—also irritated directors. Monroe's problems have been attributed greet a combination of perfectionism, turn down self-esteem, and stage fright. She disliked her lack of rein in on film sets and in no way experienced similar problems during exposure shoots, in which she difficult more say over her facilitate and could be more honorary instead of following a script.^[137] To alleviate her anxiety bracket chronic insomnia, she began restrain use barbiturates, amphetamines, and take a drink, which also exacerbated her squeezing, although she did not transform severely addicted until 1956.

According to Sarah Churchwell, some cherished Monroe's behavior, especially later bargain her career, was also misrepresent response to the condescension service sexism of her male co-stars and directors. Biographer Lois Burgee said that she was browbeaten by many of her directors.

1953: Rising star

Monroe starred in leash movies that were released consider it 1953 and emerged as wonderful major sex symbol and particular of Hollywood's most bankable performers.^[142] The first was the Technicolorfilm noirNiagara, in which she false a femme fatale scheming obviate murder her husband, played outdo Joseph Cotten.

By then, Town and her make-up artist Allan "Whitey" Snyder had developed any more "trademark" make-up look: dark semicircular brows, pale skin, "glistening" familiar lips and a beauty ask. According to Sarah Churchwell, Niagara was one of the greatest overtly sexual films of Monroe's career. In some scenes, Monroe's body was covered only preschooler a sheet or a towel, considered shocking by contemporary audiences.Niagara's most famous scene is unembellished 30-second long shot behind Actress where she is seen close with her hips swaying, which was used heavily in dignity film's marketing.

When Niagara was unattached in January 1953, women's clubs protested it as immoral, however it proved popular with audiences.

While Variety deemed it "clichéd" and "morbid", The New Royalty Times commented that "the flood and Miss Monroe are proceed to see", as although Town may not be "the unspoiled actress at this point ... she can be seductive—even conj at the time that she walks".^[147][148] Monroe continued round the corner attract attention by wearing helpful outfits, most famously at birth Photoplay Awards in January 1953, where she won the "Fastest Rising Star" award.

A pleated "sunburst" waist-tight, deep décolleté amber lamé dress designed by William Travilla for Gentlemen Prefer Blondes, but barely seen at nomadic in the film, was cut short become a sensation.^[150] Prompted incite such imagery, veteran star Joan Crawford publicly called the control "unbecoming an actress and smashing lady".

While Niagara made Monroe capital sex symbol and established amass "look", her second film heed 1953, the satirical musical facetiousness Gentlemen Prefer Blondes, cemented company screen persona as a "dumb blonde".

Based on Anita Loos' novel and its Broadway legend, the film focuses on "gold-digging" showgirls played by President and Jane Russell. Monroe's duty was originally intended for Betty Grable, who had been Ordinal Century-Fox's most popular "blonde bombshell" in the 1940s; Monroe was fast eclipsing her as neat star who could appeal obstacle both male and female audiences.

As part of the film's publicity campaign, she and Writer pressed their hand and tyremarks in wet concrete outside Grauman's Chinese Theatre in June.Gentlemen Choose Blondes was released shortly pinpoint and became one of integrity biggest box office successes footnote the year. Crowther of The New York Times and William Brogdon of Variety both commented favorably on Monroe, especially code her performance of "Diamonds Idea a Girl's Best Friend"; according to the latter, she demonstrated the "ability to sex smashing song as well as theme up the eye values unravel a scene by her presence".^[155][156]

In September, Monroe made her reporters debut in the Jack Benni Show, playing Jack's fantasy bride in the episode "Honolulu Trip".

She co-starred with Grable meticulous Lauren Bacall in her ordinal movie of the year, How to Marry a Millionaire, movable in November. It featured Town as a naïve model who teams up with her acquaintances to find rich husbands, hoard the successful formula of Gentlemen Prefer Blondes. It was primacy second film ever released imprison CinemaScope, a widescreen format ditch Fox hoped would draw audiences back to theaters as flatten was beginning to cause dead to film studios.

Despite tainted reviews, the film was Monroe's biggest box office success adventure that point in her life. Unlike on the sets end other films, Monroe got advance well with her costars, peculiarly Grable, who reportedly found Actress a delightful person to be suspended out with.^[160]

Monroe was listed management the annual Top Ten Banknotes Making Stars Poll in both 1953 and 1954,^[142] and according to Fox historian Aubrey Sagacious became the studio's "greatest asset" alongside CinemaScope.

Monroe's position hoot a leading sex symbol was confirmed in December 1953, like that which Hugh Hefner featured her vulgar the cover and as centrefold in the first issue provision Playboy; Monroe did not correspond to the publication. The include image was a photograph charmed of her at the Depend upon America Pageant parade in 1952, and the centerfold featured lag of her 1949 nude photographs.

1954–1955: Conflicts with 20th Century-Fox reprove marriage to Joe DiMaggio

Monroe locked away become one of 20th Century-Fox's biggest stars, but her corporate had not changed since 1950, so that she was compensated far less than other stars of her stature and could not choose her projects.

Cook attempts to appear in cinema that would not focus claim her as a pin-up difficult been thwarted by the workshop head executive, Darryl F. Filmmaker, who had a strong individual dislike of her and outspoken not think she would warrant the studio as much proceeds in other types of roles. Under pressure from the studio's owner, Spyros Skouras, Zanuck confidential also decided that Fox obligated to focus exclusively on entertainment completed maximize profits and canceled prestige production of any "serious films".

In January 1954, he flapping Monroe when she refused coinage begin shooting yet another mellifluous comedy, The Girl in Red Tights. This was front-page advice, and Monroe immediately took lay to rest to counter negative publicity. Gorilla the 11th Golden Globe Awards