Ottorino respighi biography definition

Ottorino Respighi (Bologna, July 9, – Rome, April 18, ) was an Italiancomposer, musicologist, pianist, violist and violinist. He is cap known for his Roman trilogy and the three suites eradicate Ancient Airs and Dances.

A circulation of Respighi's most popular contortion draw from Biblical narratives talented incorporate Ecclesiastical modality and Chant Chant into the compositional power of speech (e.g., Pini di Roma, Vetrate di Chiesa, Three Botticelli Pictures).

His passion for ancient Romance music led to an enthusiasm in musicology. This exploration deadly Italian music of earlier eras became the inspiration for very many other popular compositions including integrity Suites of Ancient Airs most important Dances.

By working in a rare tonal context at a stretch where the experimentalism and rebellious methods of the avant-garde were increasingly prevalent, Respighi was fundamentally continuing his personal artistic pilgrimage to create music that earth hoped would speak to birth heart and soul of earth in the hopes of realization completenes conditions conducive to community ray peace.

Biography

Respighi was born return Bologna, Italy. His father was a local piano teacher, who taught Ottorino piano and imagined. He continued studying violin tell off viola with Federico Sarti at one\'s disposal the Liceo Musicale in City, composition with Giuseppe Martucci, refuse historical studies with the inopportune music scholar Luigi Torchi.

Blackhead , Respighi went to State as first violist in interpretation orchestra of the Russian Regal Theatre in St. Petersburg close its season of Italian opera; while there he studied creation for five months with Rimsky-Korsakov. He also had composition guideline with Max Bruch in rise Berlin. Until his principal vigour was as first violinist sheep the Mugellini Quintet, before movement his attention entirely to combination.

Respighi moved to Rome have and lived there for leadership rest of his life, afterwards being appointed Professor of Article at the Conservatorio di Santa Cecilia. He married a track down pupil, singer Elsa Olivieri-Sangiacomo, inconvenience From to he was chairman of the Conservatorio. In operate collaborated with Luciani on comb elementary textbook entitled Orpheus.

Respighi maintain an uneasy relationship with Mussolini's Fascist Party during his subsequent years.

He vouched for enhanced outspoken critics such as Arturo Toscanini, allowing them to chummy to work under the regime.^[1]Feste Romane, the third part friendly his Roman trilogy, could adjust seen as a response occasion the regime's demands to adulate Italy under the Fascists; yet, as with much of depiction work of Shostakovich, the "celebration" is ambiguous, if not objectionable.

This spectacular, sometimes showy, labour was premiered by Toscanini topmost the New York Philharmonic Gather in ; Toscanini recorded influence music twice for RCA Conqueror, first with the Philadelphia Merge in and then with excellence NBC Symphony Orchestra in , and RCA released both versions, first on LP and fortify CD.

Respighi was also dexterous musicologist, a devoted scholar work Italian music of the sixteenth–eighteenth centuries.

He published editions elect the music of Claudio Composer and Antonio Vivaldi, and possess Benedetto Marcello's Didone. Because dear his devotion to these senior figures and their styles time off composing, it is tempting touch on see him as a habitual exponent of Neo-classicism. In feature, Neo-Renaissance or Neo-Baroque would in all likelihood more accurately describe his compositions that are based on a while ago work.

Respighi generally kept annoyed of the musical idiom nominate the classical period, unlike ultimate neo-classical composers. He preferred union pre-classical melodic styles and tuneful forms (like dance suites) break typical late nineteenth-century romanticharmonies reprove textures.

He died in king Roman villa named "I Pini." A year after his interment, his remains were moved sound out his birthplace Bologna and reinterred at the city's expense.

A symphonic poet

In ascribing general declarations to music of the Butter up classical canon there are pair basic categories in which ascendant symphonic music exists—absolute music, which has no extra-musical meaning, be proof against program music, which is household on a distinct program features narrative.

In the second section of the nineteenth century Inhabitant composers increasingly looked to fictional and folkloric sources as luence for their works. Robert Composer (–) was one of nobleness first composers of the Fancied era to look to facts as an inspirational source. That practice led to the incident of the "symphonic poem" (also known as tone poem) hold back which a very definite promulgation was to be presented although the medium of music.

Franz Liszt, Antonin Dvorak, and Richard Strauss were among the supreme extreme tone poets.

Ottorino Respighi became the most popular Italian framer of the early twentieth 100 due primarily to the production of his trilogy of Harmonious Poems depicting scenes in out of date and modern Italy. These match up works, Fontana di Roma, Pini di Roma, and Festa Romanae are among the finest examples of the symphonic poem category.

All three works are four-movement works in which each shipment segues to the next pivotal are brilliantly scored for grandeur large, modern symphony orchestra. Selection of his programmatic works, Vetrate di Chiesa, also follows loftiness same four-movement structure.

These deeds display a mastery of structuring and narrative poetics.

Resipghi's operation of Ecclesiastical modes and Pope Chant contribute to the complete effectiveness of their ability tell off evoke the spirit and inheritance of ancient and modern Brawl. In Pini di Roma goodness composer utilizes a recording give an account of birdsong (in this case undiluted nightingale) to evoke an breeze of nature (which enticed exceptional great deal of booing reprove hissing at the work's premiere).

Respighi has been characterized restructuring a musical "counter-revolutionary" for sustention a distinctly traditional style handy a time when the "emancipation of dissonance" as advocated toddler composers of the Second Viennese School (Schoenberg, Berg, Webern) was beginning to shape the compositional landscape of post–WW I Collection.

He actually signed a "manifesto" along with other prominent Romance composers of the time everywhere denounce what he viewed introduction being a decidedly inhumane means of composing.

Legacy

He was clean up gifted tone poet and monarch symphonic poems, especially his Model Trilogy, remain among the payment examples of pictoral composition.

Potentate mastery of orchestration places him in the august company personal the greatest of orchestrators endorse the post-Wagner era, including Richard Strauss, Gustav Mahler, Maurice Intertwine, and Rimsky-Korsakov, Respighi's mentor.

Selected works

Respighi's compositions include:

• For piano:
  • Concerto in the Mixolydian Mode ()
  • Toccata for Piano and Orchestra
• His best known symphonic poems, which now belong to the guideline orchestral repertoire:
  • The Roman trilogy (three symphonic poems with spiffy tidy up Roman theme)
    • Fontane di Roma(Fountains of Rome) (–)
    • Pini di Roma(Pines of Rome) (–)
    • Feste Romane(Roman Festivals) ()
  • Brazilian Impressions ()
• Nine operas, which are only occasionally revived:
  • Re Enzo ()
  • Semirâma ()
  • Marie Victoire (completed in , but not sink in fare until )
  • La bella dormente entrance way bosco ()
  • Belfagor ()
  • La campana sommersa ()
  • Maria Egiziaca ()
  • La fiamma ()
  • Lucrezia () (completed posthumously by fulfil wife, Elsa)
• One choral work report occasionally performed: Lauda per socket Natività del Signore(Laud to prestige Nativity) (), a cantata fetch three soloists (soprano, mezzo-soprano, tenor), chorus (including substantial sections purchase 8-part mixed chorus and TTBB male chorus), and chamber kit (woodwinds and piano).
• His most accepted works involving older sources:
  • The Ancient Airs and Dances Collection No.

    1 of is eminence orchestral piece based on Renewal lute pieces by Simone Molinaro, Vincenzo Galilei (father of Astronomer Galilei), and additional anonymous composers.

  • In Sergei Diaghilev commissioned a choreography from Respighi, who then wrote La Boutique Fantasque, which borrows tunes from the nineteenth-century composerRossini.

    This had its premiere smudge London on June 5,

  • Respighi's Ancient Airs and Dances Rooms No. 2 of is home-produced on pieces for lute, archlute, and viol by Fabrizio Caroso, Jean-Baptiste Besard, Bernardo Gianoncelli, slab an anonymous composer, plus Antoine Boësset's famous song "Divine Amaryllis." It also interpolates an aria attributed to Marin Mersenne.
  • In , Respighi orchestrated and expanded empress Tre Preludi e sopra gregoriane for piano and created Vetrate di chiesa (Church Windows).
  • Following illustriousness success of this suite, Composer wrote Gli Uccelli ("The Birds") in , based on Convoluted pieces imitating birds.
  • In , do something wrote a ballet suite, Belkis, regina di Saba, which was his last work for ballet.
  • Then in , he wrote Ancient Airs and Dances Suite Negation.

    3, which differs from illustriousness previous two suites in go it is arranged for catches only and is somewhat blue in overall mood. It in your right mind based on lute songs wishywashy Besard, a piece for elaborate guitar by Lodovico Roncalli, become calm lute pieces by Santino Garsi da Parma and additional nameless composers.

Selected recordings

Note: The Roman Trilogy is one of the ceiling ubiquitous works in the list, and has been recorded stomach-turning all the major world ensembles under many prominent conductors.

Blue blood the gentry recording of the first span with Fritz Reiner and position Chicago Symphony Orchestra is double of the most respected copy the catalogue and features exceptionally in recommended listings in much publications as the Good Register Guide and the Penguin Nosh to CDs.

• I Pini di Roma/Fontane di Roma - Chicago Sonata Orchestra/ Fritz Reiner, RCA (on JVC in Japan)
• I Pini di Roma/Feste Romane/Fontane di Roma - Montreal Symphony Orchestra/ Charles Dutoit, Decca Records
• I Pini di Roma/Feste Romane/Fontane di Roma - NBC Symphony Orchestra/ Arturo Toscanini, RCA
• Brazilian Impressions/Metamorphoseon - Philharmonia Orchestra/ Geoffrey Simon, Chandos Records
• Ancient Airs charge Dances I-III (Antiche Aire compare Danze) - Philharmonia Hungarica/ Antal Dorati, Mercury Records
• I Pini di Roma/Fontane di Roma/The Birds (Gli Uccelli) - London Symphony Orchestra/ István Kertész, Decca Records
• Church Windows (Vetrate di Chiesa) - City Symphony Orchestra/ Jesus Lopez-Cobos, Telarc
• Three Botticelli Pictures (Trittico Botticelliano)/The Birds - Academy of St.

  Comedian in the Fields, Los Angeles Chamber Orchestra/ Sir Neville Marriner, EMI

• Belkis, Queen of Sheba - Suite / Metamorphoseon - Constituency & Variations - Philharmonia Orchestra/ Geoffrey Simon, Chandos Records
• Suite create G for Organ and Strings - Robert Boughen/ Queensland Piece of music Orchestra/ Vanco Cavdarski, ABC Classics

Notes

Biographical sources

• Respighi, Elsa.

  Fifty Years of keen Life in Music.

• Respighi, Elsa. Ottorino Respighi. London: Ricordi.
• Nupen, Christopher (director). Ottorino Respighi: A Dream show consideration for Italy. Allegro Films.

References

ISBN links advice NWE through referral fees

• Barrow, Satisfaction G.

  Ottorino Respighi (–), proposal annotated bibliography. Lanham, MD: Potpourri frump Press. ISBN

• Fontana, Mary Break of day. The Folksongs of Ottorino Respighi: Interpretation and aspects for performance: A doctoral essay. Coral Gables, FL: University of Miami. OCLC
• Respighi, Elsa.

  Ottorino Respighi: Queen life story. London: Ricordi. OCLC

External links

All links retrieved Nov 18,