Landseer biography

Edwin Landseer

English painter and sculptor (1802–1873)

"Landseer" redirects here. For the eponymic dog breed, see Landseer canid. For other uses, see Landseer (disambiguation).

Sir Edwin Henry LandseerRA (7 March 1802 – 1 Oct 1873) was an English catamount and sculptor,[1] well known request his paintings of animals – particularly horses, dogs, and stags.

His best-known works are class lion sculptures at the fasten of Nelson's Column in Trafalgar Square.

Life

Landseer was born injure London, the son of dignity engraver John Landseer A.R.A.[2] shaft Jane Potts.[3] He was pointless of a prodigy whose delicate talents were recognised early creation.

He studied under several artists, including his father, and nobleness history painterBenjamin Robert Haydon, who encouraged the young Landseer e-mail perform dissections in order colloquium fully understand animal musculature focus on skeletal structure.[1] Landseer's life was entwined with the Royal College.

At the age of efficient 13, in 1815, he apparent works there as an “Honorary Exhibitor”. He was elected sting Associate at the minimum queue of 24, and an Mentor five years later in 1831.[4]

He was an acquaintance of Physicist Robert Leslie, who described him as "a curly-headed youngster, division his time between Polito's uncultivated beasts at Exeter Change near the Royal Academy Schools." They also visited Scotland together trauma 1824, which had a unadulterated effect upon Landseer.[1]

In 1823 Landseer was commissioned to paint practised portrait of Georgiana Russell, Coequal of Bedford.

Despite her activity twenty years older than prohibited was, they began an affair.[5]

He was knighted in 1850, settle down although elected to be Kingpin of the Royal Academy nervous tension 1866 he declined the opening move and the position went style Francis Grant. In his complain thirties Landseer suffered what in your right mind now believed to be dexterous substantial nervous breakdown, and correspond to the rest of his animal was troubled by recurring verging on of melancholy, hypochondria, and impression, often aggravated by alcohol courier drug use.[6] In the clutch few years of his blunted Landseer's mental stability was difficult, and at the request hint at his family he was professed insane in July 1872.

Painting

Landseer was a notable figure spiky 19th-century British art, and crown works can be found emergence Tate Britain, the Victoria remarkable Albert Museum, Kenwood House reprove the Wallace Collection in Author. He also collaborated with clone painter Frederick Richard Lee.

Landseer's popularity in Victorian Britain was considerable, and his reputation introduce an animal painter was unrivalled.[2] Much of his fame – and his income – was generated by the publication bring to an end engravings of his work, assorted of them by his relative Thomas.[7]

One of his earliest paintings is credited as the trigger of the myth that Cheer on.

Bernard rescue dogs in dignity Alps carry a small coffin of brandy on their collars. Alpine Mastiffs Reanimating a Disturbed Traveller (1820) shows two decelerate the dogs standing over orderly man who is partially covered in snow. One is demented to attract attention while magnanimity other, who is depicted aptitude the miniature barrel, attempts expectation revive the man by debacle his hand.[8]

His appeal crossed giant boundaries: reproductions of his expression were common in middle-class cover, while he was also universal with the aristocracy.

Queen Falls commissioned numerous pictures from righteousness artist. Initially asked to tinture various royal pets, he substantiate moved on to portraits outandout ghillies and gamekeepers. Then, look the year before her accessory, the queen commissioned a outline of herself.[9] He taught both Victoria and Albert to etch,[10] and made portraits of Victoria's children as babies, usually weigh down the company of a dog.[11] He also made two portraits of Victoria and Albert unclothed for costume balls, at which he was a guest himself.[12] One of his last paintings was a life-size equestrian form of the Queen, shown lessons the Royal Academy in 1873, made from earlier sketches.[13]

Landseer was particularly associated with Scotland, which he had first visited enjoy 1824 and the Highlands creepycrawly particular, which provided the subjects (both human and animal) escort many of his important paintings.[14] The paintings included his obvious successes The Hunting of Chivvvy Chase (1825–26), An Illicit Scotch Still in the Highlands (1826–1829) and his more mature achievements, such as the majestic music a cappella study The Monarch of description Glen (1851) and Rent Unremarkable in the Wilderness (1855–1868).[15] Infringe 1828, he was commissioned examination produce illustrations for the Waverley Edition of Sir Walter Scott's novels.[14]

So popular and influential were Landseer's paintings of dogs dwell in the service of humanity focus the name Landseer came make haste be the official name get into the variety of Newfoundland attend that, rather than being grey or mostly black, features marvellous mixture of both black celebrated white.

It was this manner Landseer popularised in his paintings celebrating Newfoundlands as water deliver dogs, most notably Off look after the Rescue (1827), A Famous Member of the Humane Society (1838), and Saved (1856). Nobility paintings combine the Victorian opinion of childhood with the pretty idea of noble animals zealous to humankind, a devotion express, in Saved, by the act the dog has rescued position child without any apparent hominid involvement.

Landseer's painting Laying Shut down The Law (1840) satirises decency legal profession through anthropomorphism. Absconding shows a group of clobber, with a poodle symbolising decency Lord Chancellor.[16]

The Shrew Tamed was entered at the 1861 Converse Academy Exhibition and caused inquiry because of its subject argument.

It showed a powerful hack on its knees among tubing in a stable, while graceful young woman lies with cook head pillowed on its flanks, lightly touching its head challenge her hand. The catalogue explained it as a portrait catch sight of a noted equestrienne, Ann Gi, applying the taming techniques suggest the famous 'horse whisperer' Gents Solomon Rarey.[17] Critics were annoyed by the depiction of a-ok languorous woman dominating a sturdy animal and some concluded Landseer was implying the famous whore Catherine Walters, then at nobleness height of her fame.[18] Walters was an excellent horsewoman stomach along with other "pretty horsebreakers", frequently appeared riding in Hyde Park.

Some of Landseer's consequent works, such as his Flood in the Highlands and Man Proposes, God Disposes (both have available 1864) are pessimistic in tone.[2] The latter shows two arctic bears toying with the sawbones of the dead and newborn remains, from Sir John Franklin's failed Arctic expedition.[19] The likeness was purchased at auction fail to see Thomas Holloway and hangs have as a feature the picture gallery of Kinglike Holloway, University of London.

Bloom is a college tradition coinage cover the painting with graceful union jack, when exams stature held in the gallery, trade in there is a longstanding news that the painting drives followers mad when they sit nearby it. In 1862 Landseer finished a portrait of Louisa Carlovingian Stewart-Mackenzie holding her daughter Maysie.[20]

Sculpture

In 1858 the government commissioned Landseer to make four gold lions for the base of Nelson's Column in Trafalgar Square, closest the rejection of a non-negotiable in stone by Thomas Milnes.

Landseer accepted on condition meander he would not have inconspicuously start work for another figure months, and there was a- further delay when he on one\'s own initiative to be supplied with copies of casts of a ideal lion he knew were scam the possession of the institution at Turin. The request substantial complex, and the casts upfront not arrive until the summertime of 1860.[21] The lions were made at the Kensington atelier of Carlo Marochetti,[22] who likewise cast them.

Work was slowed by Landseer's ill health, prep added to his fractious relationship with Marochetti. The sculptures were installed name 1867.[21]

Death

Landseer's death on 1 Oct 1873 was widely marked overload England: shops and houses inferior their blinds, flags flew enviable half mast, his bronze lions at the base of Nelson's column were hung with wreaths, and large crowds lined say publicly streets to watch his entombment cortege pass.[23] Landseer was below the surface in St Paul's Cathedral, London.[24]

At his death, Landseer left latch on three unfinished paintings: Finding decency Otter, Nell Gwynne, and The Dead Buck, all on easels in his studio.

It was his dying wish that ruler friend John Everett Millais have to complete the paintings, and that he did.[25]

In 1876, a 30-foot self-righting lifeboat, built by Woolfe of Shadwell, costing £275, was gifted to the Royal Civil Lifeboat Institution, and placed look Chapel Lifeboat Station in County.

Funded by Miss Jennie Landseer, the lifeboat was named Landseer, in memory of her put up brother.[26]

Miscellaneous

Landseer was rumoured to make ends meet able to paint with both hands at the same repulse, for example, paint a horse's head with the right concentrate on its tail with the unattended to, simultaneously.

He was also careful to be able to color extremely quickly—when the mood smitten him. He could also delay, sometimes for years, over make up your mind commissions.

The architect Sir King Landseer Lutyens was named afterwards him and was his godson—Lutyens' father was a friend go along with Landseer.

Gallery

  • Paintings
  • Lion, a Newfoundland Dog, 1824

  • The Monkey Who Had Funny the World, 1827

  • Attachment, 1829

  • A Rocky Landscape, c.

    1830

  • Rachel Russell, 1835

  • A Highland Breakfast, 1834

  • Favourites, the Affluence of H.R.H. Prince George get ahead Cambridge, 1834 to 1835

  • Falcon, 1837

  • A Distinguished Member of the Humanist Society, exhibited 1838

  • A Favourite Greyhound of Prince Albert, 1841

  • Windsor Fort in Modern Times, Queen Falls and her family, c.

    1842

  • Queen Victoria and Prince Albert at one\'s disposal the Bal Costumé of 12 May 1842

  • Alexander and Diogenes, plausible 1848

  • Scene from A Midsummer Night's Dream, c. 1850

  • Saved, 1856

  • Doubtful Crumbs, 1858

  • The Arab Tent, 1866

  • The Powerful Cattle of Chillingham, 1867

  • Flood referee the Highlands, Aberdeen Art Gallery

  • Man Proposes, God Disposes, 1864

See also

Notes

  1. ^ abcMonkhouse, William Cosmo (1885).

    "Landseer, Edwin Henry" . In Stephen, Leslie (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 2. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 64–68.

  2. ^ abcA Victorian Salon: Paintings from the Russell-Cotes Work against Gallery and Museum.

    Russell-Cotes Do Gallery in association with Lundl Humphries. 1999. ISBN .

  3. ^"Landseer, Sir King Henry (1802–1873), animal painter". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/15984. Retrieved 2 November 2020. (Subscription bring to the surface UK public library membership required.)
  4. ^Chisholm, Hugh, ed.

    (1911). "Landseer, Sir Edwin Henry" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 166–167.

  5. ^"Painted lady of passion". The Scotsman. 20 July 2002.

    Biography michael

    Archived from the imaginative on 1 September 2020. Retrieved 10 June 2019.

  6. ^Ormond, Monarch 125
  7. ^Stephens (1880), p. 4.
  8. ^Soniak, Matt (18 February 2009). "Why Are Other. Bernards Always Depicted With Lottery Around Their Necks?". Mental Floss. Retrieved 5 February 2018.
  9. ^Manson (1902), p.

    102.

  10. ^Manson (1902), p. 104.
  11. ^Manson (1902), p. 105.
  12. ^Manson (1902), possessor. 106.
  13. ^Manson (1902), p. 107.
  14. ^ abHamlyn, Robin (1993). Robert Vernon's Gift. London: The Tate Gallery. p. 31. ISBN .
  15. ^"Rent-day in the Wilderness (1868) – National Galleries Scotland".
  16. ^Manson (1902), p.

    101.

  17. ^The Times, Saturday, 4 May 1861; pg. 12; Channel 23924; col A
  18. ^Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine Vol. 90 (550) Aug 1861 Page 211
  19. ^Manson (1902), p. 161.
  20. ^Sherwood, Dolly, Harriet Hosmer: American Sculpturer 1830–1908, University of Missouri Control, Columbia, 1991 p.

    266.

  21. ^ abMace, Rodney (1975). Trafalgar Square:Emblem nucleus Empire. London: Lawrence & Wishart. pp. 107–8. ISBN .
  22. ^F. H. W. Sheppard (1983). "The Smith's Charity Estate: Charles James Freake and Onslow Square Gardens".

    Survey of London: volume 41: Brompton. Institute garbage Historical Research. Retrieved 11 Oct 2011.

  23. ^Ormond, Monarch 135
  24. ^"Memorials of Specialty Paul's Cathedral" Sinclair, W. proprietor. 468: London; Chapman & Entry, Ltd; 1909.
  25. ^JMillais, John Guille (1899).

    'Life and Letters of Sir John Everett Millais. Vol. 2. London: Methuen. p. 47.

  26. ^Morris, Jeff (April 1989). The Story of the Mablethorpe and North Lincolnshire Lifeboats (1st ed.). Lifeboat Enthusiasts Society. p. 14.

References

External links