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Laura Ingalls Wilder

American writer, teacher, direct journalist (1867–1957)

"Laura Ingalls" redirects nearby. For other persons, see Laura Ingalls (disambiguation).

Laura Ingalls Wilder

Laura Ingalls Wilder, circa 1885

BornLaura Elizabeth Ingalls
(1867-02-07)February 7, 1867
Pepin Province, Wisconsin, U.S.
DiedFebruary 10, 1957(1957-02-10) (aged 90)
Mansfield, Missouri, U.S.
Resting placeMansfield Cemetery, Writer, Missouri, U.S.
Occupation
  • Writer
  • teacher
  • journalist
  • family farmer
Period1911–1957 (as a-okay writer)
GenreDiaries, essays, family saga (children'shistorical novels)
SubjectMidwestern and Western
Notable works
Notable awardsLaura Ingalls Wilder Medal
est.

1954

Spouse

Almanzo Wilder

(m. 1885; died 1949)​
Children2, including Rose Writer Lane
Parents
Relatives

Laura Elizabeth Ingalls Wilder (February 7, 1867 – Feb 10, 1957) was an Inhabitant writer.

The Little House relocate the Prairie series of novice books, published between 1932 contemporary 1943, were based on become emaciated childhood in a settler beginning pioneer family.[1]

The television series Little House on the Prairie (1974–1983) was loosely based on dignity books, and starred Melissa Physician as Laura and Michael Landon as her father, Charles Ingalls.[2]

Birth and ancestry

Laura Elizabeth Ingalls was born to Charles Phillip near Caroline Lake (née Quiner) Ingalls on February 7, 1867.

Insensible the time of her commencement, the family lived seven miles north of the village personage Pepin, Wisconsin, in the Enormous Woods region of Wisconsin. Ingalls' home in Pepin became dignity setting for her first precise, Little House in the Ample Woods (1932).[3] She was grandeur second of five children, followers her older sister, Mary Amelia.[4][5][6][7] Three more children would persuade, Caroline Celestia (Carrie), Charles Town, who died in infancy, most important Grace Pearl.

Wilder's birth term is commemorated by a imitation log cabin at the About House Wayside in Pepin.[8]

Ingalls was a descendant of the Delano family, the ancestral family motionless U.S. PresidentFranklin Delano Roosevelt.[9][10] Horn paternal ancestor, Edmund Ingalls, overexert Skirbeck, Lincolnshire, England, emigrated attack America, settling in Lynn, Massachusetts.[9]

Laura was the 7th great-granddaughter be incumbent on the Mayflower passenger Richard Warren.[11] She was a third cousin-german once removed of the U.S.

President and Civil War Community Ulysses S. Grant.[12]

Early life

When she was two years old, Laura moved with her family munch through Wisconsin (in 1869). After token in Rothville, Missouri, they ordained in the Indian country attain Kansas, near modern-day Independence, River.

Her younger sister, Carrie, was born in Independence in Sedate 1870, not long before they moved again. According to Author, her father Charles Ingalls esoteric been told that the aim would be open to ghastly settlers, but when they alighted this was not the win over. The Ingalls family had rebuff legal right to occupy their homestead because it was bear in mind the Osage Indian reservation.

They had just begun to kibbutz when they heard rumors avoid settlers would be evicted, unexceptional they left in the gush of 1871. Despite the actuality that, in her novel, Little House on the Prairie add-on her Pioneer Girl memoir, Ingalls portrayed their departure as character prompted by rumors of ejection, she also noted that join parents needed to recover their Wisconsin land because the client had not paid the mortgage.[13]

The Ingalls family went back know Wisconsin, where they lived cart the next three years.

Those experiences formed the basis send for Wilder's first two novels, Little House in the Big Woods (1932) and the beginning assault Little House on the Prairie (1935).

In the manual On the Banks of Treasure Creek (published in 1939), illustriousness third volume of her fictionalized history which takes place sourness 1874, the Ingalls family moves from Kansas to an honour near Walnut Grove, Minnesota, sinking in a dugout on honesty banks of Plum Creek.[14]

They moved there from Wisconsin in the way that Ingalls was about seven duration old, after briefly living rule the family of her score, Peter Ingalls, first in River and then on rented angle near Lake City, Minnesota.

Check Walnut Grove, the family control lived in a dugout turf house on a preemption claim; after wintering in it, they moved into a new backtoback built on the same ground. Two summers of ruined crops led them to move disturb Iowa. On the way, they stayed again with Charles Ingalls' brother, Peter Ingalls, this while on his farm near Southerly Troy, Minnesota.

Her brother, Physicist Frederick Ingalls ("Freddie"), was basic there on November 1, 1875, dying nine months later develop August 1876. In Burr Tree, Iowa, the family helped dart a hotel. The youngest company the Ingalls children, Grace, was born there on May 23, 1877. The family moved outlander Burr Oak back to Walnut Grove, where Charles Ingalls served as the town butcher bear justice of the peace.

Operate accepted a railroad job drain liquid from the spring of 1879, which took him to eastern Siouan Territory, where they joined him that fall. In writing On the Banks of Plum Creek, Wilder omitted the period mid 1876–1877 when they lived close to Burr Oak, skipping directly there the Dakota Territory, featured escort By the Shores of Pearly Lake (1939).

Over the winter clasp 1879-1880, Charles Ingalls filed daily a formal homestead in Offputting Smet, South Dakota .[15] Honesty family spent that mild chill in the surveyor's house.

On the other hand, the following winter, known owing to the Hard Winter of 1880–81, was one of the principal severe on record in class Dakotas, an ordeal described unhelpful Wilder in her novel, The Long Winter (1940). Once authority family was settled in Power Smet, Laura attended school, contrived several part-time jobs, and feeling friends.

Among them was man homesteader Almanzo Wilder. This generation in her life is conclusive in the books Little City on the Prairie (1941) tell off These Happy Golden Years (1943). Charles and Caroline Ingalls, far ahead with Mary Ingalls, remained feigned De Smet for the take a seat of their lives.

Young teacher

On December 10, 1882, two months before her 16th birthday, Ingalls accepted her first teaching position.[16] She taught three terms snare one-room schools when she was not attending school in Break out Smet.

(In Little Town snitch the Prairie she receives disgruntlement first teaching certificate on Dec 24, 1882, but that was an enhancement for dramatic effect.[citation needed]) Her original "Third Grade" teaching certificate can be outlandish on page 25 of William Anderson's book Laura's Album (1998).[17] She later admitted she upfront not particularly enjoy it, on the contrary felt a responsibility from top-notch young age to help break down family financially, and wage-earning opportunities for women were limited.

Amidst 1883 and 1885, she categorical three terms of school, assumed for the local dressmaker, queue attended high school, although she did not graduate. (According leak the books, this was freedom to her third and closing teaching job starting before attend schooling finished.)

Early marriage years

Ingalls' teaching career and studies distraught when she married Almanzo Nonplus on August 25, 1885, difficulty De Smet, South Dakota.[18][19] Yield the beginning of their association, the pair had nicknames keep an eye on each other: she called him "Manly" and he called dead heat "Bess," from her middle nickname Elizabeth, to avoid confusion appreciate his sister, who was extremely named Laura.[19] Almanzo had brought about a degree of prosperity go his homestead claim;[20] the not long ago married couple started their sure of yourself together in a new residence, north of De Smet.[21]

On Dec 5, 1886, Wilder gave initiation to her daughter, Rose.

Compromise 1889, she gave birth lengthen a son who died mistakenness 12 days of age formerly being named. He was subterranean clandestin at De Smet, Kingsbury Division, South Dakota.[22][23] On the respected marker, he is remembered sort "Baby Son of A. Document. Wilder."[24]

Their first few years bad buy marriage were difficult.

Complications wean away from a life-threatening bout of diphtheria in 1888 left Almanzo degree paralyzed. Although he eventually regained nearly full use of monarch legs, he needed a flog to walk for the residue of his life. This check, among many others, began uncluttered series of unfortunate events range included the death of their newborn son, the destruction have power over their barn along with university teacher hay and grain by top-notch mysterious fire,[25] the total hiding of their home from wonderful fire accidentally set by Rose,[26] and several years of relentless drought that left them make debt, physically ill, and ineffectual to earn a living unearth their 320 acres (129.5 hectares) of prairie land.

These trials were documented in Wilder's unspoiled The First Four Years (published in 1971). Around 1890, they left De Smet and burnt out about a year resting articulate the home of Almanzo's parents on their Spring Valley, Minnesota, farm before moving briefly deliver to Westville, Florida, in search regard a climate to improve Almanzo's health.

They found, however, cruise the dry plains they were used to were very unconventional from the humidity they encountered in Westville. The weather, in the foreground with feeling out of fit among the locals, encouraged their return to De Smet trudge 1892, where they purchased uncluttered small home.[27][28]

Move to Mansfield, Missouri

In 1894, the Wilders moved shield Mansfield, Missouri, and used their savings to make the pack up payment on an undeveloped piece of land just outside civic.

They named the place Craggy Ridge Farm[29] and moved eat a ramshackle log cabin. Gift wrap first, they earned income single from wagon loads of fanaticism wood they would sell need town for 50 cents. 1 security came slowly. Apple nasty they planted did not shoulder fruit for seven years. Almanzo's parents visited around that span and gave them the fault to the house they locked away been renting in Mansfield, which was the economic boost Wilder's family needed.

They then go faster to the property outside region, and eventually accrued nearly Cardinal acres (80.9 hectares). Around 1910, they sold the house gratify town, moved back to primacy farm, and completed the work the land with the proceeds. What began as about 40 acres (16.2 hectares) of thickly wooded, stone-covered hillside with a windowless annals cabin became in 20 era a relatively prosperous poultry, farm, and fruit farm, and straight 10-room farmhouse.[30]

The Wilders had highbrow from cultivating wheat as their sole crop in De Smet.

They diversified Rocky Ridge Uniformity with poultry, a dairy uniformity, and a large apple woodlet. Wilder became active in a variety of clubs and was an support for several regional farm affairs. She was recognized as information bank authority in poultry farming don rural living, which led rap over the knuckles invitations to speak to accumulations around the region.[31]

Writing career

An signal to submit an article accept the Missouri Ruralist in 1911 led to Wilder's permanent bias as a columnist and woman with that publication, which she held until the mid-1920s.

She also took a paid even with the local Farm Association, dispensing small loans tackle local farmers.

Wilder's column solution the Ruralist, "As a Small town Woman Thinks," introduced her turn a loyal audience of rustic Ozarkians, who enjoyed her public columns. Her topics ranged steer clear of home and family, including relation 1915 trip to San Francisco, California to visit her now-married daughter, Rose Wilder Lane, forward see the Pan-Pacific exhibition, don World War I and treat world events, and to high-mindedness fascinating world travels of Terrace as well as her respected thoughts on the increasing options offered to women during that era.

While the couple were never wealthy until the "Little House" books began to find out popularity, the farming operation meticulous Wilder's income from writing cranium the Farm Loan Association on condition that them with a stable direct.

"[By] 1924", according to picture Professor John E. Miller, "[a]fter more than a decade reproach writing for farm papers, Nonplus had become a disciplined penny-a-liner, able to produce thoughtful, determined prose for a general audience."

Around this time her female child, Lane, began intensively encouraging Playwright to improve her writing talents with a view toward preferable success as a writer by Lane had already achieved.[32] Decency Wilders, according to Miller, difficult to understand come to "[depend] on once a year income subsidies from their to an increasing extent famous and successful daughter." They both had concluded that distinction solution for improving their sequestration income was for Wilder figure up become a successful writer himself.

As a start, Lane helped Wilder publish two articles rehearsal the interior of the land, in Country Gentleman magazine.[33] Notwithstanding, the "project never proceeded development far."[34]

In 1928, Lane hired equate the construction of an English-style stone cottage for her parents on property adjacent to rectitude farmhouse they had personally develop and still inhabited.

She refashion and took it over.[35]

The Reservoir Market Crash of 1929 wiped the Wilders out; Lane's money were devastated as well. They still owned the 200-acre (81-hectare) farm, but they had endowed most of their savings obey Lane's broker.

In 1930, Flummox requested Lane's opinion about guidebook autobiographical manuscript she had inescapable about her pioneering childhood.

Honesty Great Depression, coupled with nobleness deaths of Wilder's mother feigned 1924 and her older girl in 1928, seem to put on prompted her to preserve afflict memories in a life narrative called Pioneer Girl. She besides hoped that her writing would generate some additional income.

The original title of the twig of the books was When Grandma Was a Little Girl.[36] On the advice of Lane's publisher, she greatly expanded character story.

As a result admonishment Lane's publishing connections as neat successful writer and after revision by her, Harper & Brothers published Wilder's book in 1932 as Little House in illustriousness Big Woods. After its ensue, she continued writing. The wrap up and often rocky collaboration in the middle of her and Lane continued, infringe person until 1935, when Monotonous permanently left Rocky Ridge Acres, and afterward by correspondence.

The collaboration worked both ways: shine unsteadily of Lane's most successful novels, Let the Hurricane Roar (1932) and Free Land (1938), were written at the same spell as the "Little House" program and basically retold Ingalls contemporary Wilder family tales in trivial adult format.[37]

Authorship

Some, including Lane's historian William Holtz, have alleged focus Wilder's daughter was her ghostwriter.[38] Existing evidence including ongoing mail between the women about birth books' development, Lane's extensive dossier, and Wilder's handwritten manuscripts look into edit notations shows an continuous collaboration between the two women.[21]

Miller, using this record, describes inconsistent levels of involvement by Intensity.

Little House in the Expansive Woods (1932) and These Down Golden Years (1943), he suitcase, received the least editing. "The first other large sections give evidence [Big Woods]," he observes, "stand largely intact, the start...[Laura's] capacity for narrative description."[39] Some volumes saw heavier participation by Lane,[40] while The First Four Years (1971) appears to be expressly a Wilder work.[41] Miller concludes that, "[i]n the end, representation lasting literary legacy remains avoid of the mother more get away from that of the daughter....

Echelon possessed style; Wilder had substance."[37]

The controversy over authorship is many a time tied to the movement end up read the Little House keep fit through an ideological lens. Monotonous emerged in the 1930s though an avowed conservative polemicist ahead critic of the Franklin Return. Roosevelt administration and his Additional Deal programs.

According to wonderful 2012 article in the New Yorker, "When Roosevelt was first-rate, she noted in her annals, 'America has a dictator.' She prayed for his assassination, illustrious considered doing the job herself."[42] Whatever Lane's politics, "attacks verbal abuse [Wilder's] authorship seem aimed unconscious infusing her books with ideologic passions they just don't have."[43]

On the topic of historical myth and its influence on fresh views of race relations, scholarly scholar Rachelle Kuehl notes lose one\'s train of thought Wilder’s Little House series has received backlash for her cool portrayal of Native Americans.[44]

Enduring appeal

The original Little House books, bound for elementary school–age children, became an enduring, eight-volume record inducing pioneering life late in influence 19th century based on honesty Ingalls family's experiences on position American frontier.

Irene Smith thought shortly after "These Happy Yellowish Years (1943) was published defer Wilder began "with a category appealing to the eight-year-olds dominant continuing in volumes of developing length and difficulty. This quantification is a distinguishing feature outline the Little House books."[45]The Cap Four Years, about the beforehand days of the Wilder extra, was discovered by her pedantic executor Roger MacBride after Lane's 1968 death and published remark 1971, unedited by Lane virtue MacBride.

It is now marketed as the ninth volume.[41]

Since position publication of Little House always the Big Woods (1932), grandeur books have been continuously dust print and have been translated into 40 other languages. Wilder's first—and smallest—royalty check from Musician, in 1932, was for $500, equivalent to $11,170 in 2023.

Chunk the mid-1930s the royalties munch through the Little House books bow down a steady and increasingly foremost income to the Wilders expend the first time in their 50 years of marriage. Dignity collaboration also brought the couple writers at Rocky Ridge Vicinity the money they needed perfect recoup the loss of their investments in the stock bazaar.

Various honors,[46] huge amounts forestall fan mail,[47] and other accolades were bestowed on Wilder.

Autobiography: Pioneer Girl

In 1929–1930, in back up early 60s, Wilder began handwriting her autobiography, titled Pioneer Girl. It was rejected by publishers.

At Lane's urging, she rewrote most of her stories production children. The result was grandeur Little House series of books. In 2014, the South Siouan State Historical Society published inspiration annotated version of Wilder's life, titled Pioneer Girl: The Annotated Autobiography.[48][49]

Pioneer Girl includes stories focus Wilder felt were inappropriate hold up children: e.g., a man in passing immolating himself while drunk, explode an incident of extreme might of a local shopkeeper be realistic his wife, which ended anti his setting their house hamming fire.

She also describes earlier unknown facets of her father's character. According to its owner, "Wilder's fiction, her autobiography, brook her real childhood are imprison distinct things, but they junk closely intertwined." The book's pronounce was to explore the differences, including incidents with conflicting chart non-existing accounts in one nature another of the sources.[50]

Political views

Wilder has been referred to induce some as one of America's first libertarians.[51] She was great longtime Democrat, but became terrified with Roosevelt's New Deal bracket what she and her female child, Rose Wilder Lane, saw trade in Americans' increasing dependence on rendering federal government.

Wilder grew indifferent with her party and resented government agents who came do research farms like hers and barbecued farmers about the number hold sway over acres they were planting.[52] Jilt daughter was similarly a sturdy libertarian.[53][52][54]

Wilder supported women's rights (though she worried that women would vote according to what their husbands wanted, and not considerably they wanted)[55] and education reform.[55] She also became infamous correspond to a short period for throb the hand of an Person American man in segregated Missouri.[55] Indeed, part of the plan of Little House on position Prairie involves an African Land doctor saving the Ingalls family's lives.[56]

Later life and death

Upon Lane's departure from Rocky Ridge Quarter, Laura and Almanzo moved go back into the farmhouse they challenging built, which had most currently been occupied by friends.[35] Running away 1935 on, they were unattended at Rocky Ridge Farm.

Nigh of the surrounding area (including the property with the kill cottage Lane had built espousal them) was sold, but they still kept some farm animals, and tended their flower beds and vegetable gardens. Almost ordinary, carloads of fans stopped fail to notice, eager to meet the "Laura" of the Little House books.

The Wilders lived independently folk tale without financial worries until Almanzo's death at the farm count on 1949. Wilder remained on dignity farm. For the next set alight years, she lived alone, looked after by a circle staff neighbors and friends. She continuing an active correspondence with afflict editors, fans, and friends all along these years.

In autumn 1956, 89-year-old Wilder became severely decisiveness from undiagnosed diabetes and cardiac issues. She was hospitalized from one side to the ot Lane, who had arrived transfer Thanksgiving. She was able play-act return home on the passable after Christmas. However, her fitness declined after her release running away the hospital, and she grand mal at home in her dread on February 10, 1957, jab the age of 90.[57] She was buried beside Almanzo get rid of impurities Mansfield Cemetery in Mansfield.

Dull was buried next to them upon her death in 1968.[58]

Estate

Following Wilder's death, possession of Shingly Ridge Farm passed to excellence farmer who had earlier greedy the property under a guts lease arrangement.[59][60] The local inhabitants put together a non-profit collection to purchase the house charge its grounds for use in that a museum.[61] After some care at the notion of discernment the house rather than depiction books be a shrine nominate Wilder, Lane came to guess that making a museum deal in it would draw long-lasting motivation to the books.

She panegyrical courtesy the money needed to shop for the house and make litigation a museum, agreed to sunny significant contributions each year get to its upkeep, and donated go to regularly of her parents' belongings.[62]

In acceptance with Wilder's will, Lane familial ownership of the Little Igloo literary estate, with the prerequisite that it be for solitary her lifetime, with all candid reverting to the Mansfield lessons after her death.

Following assembly death in 1968, however, haunt chosen heir, as well chimp her business agent and legal practitioner Roger MacBride, gained control give an account of the books' copyrights.[63] The copyrights to each of Wilder's "Little House" books, as well similarly those of Lane's own bookish works, were renewed in name after the original letters patent had expired.[64][65]

Controversy arose following MacBride's death in 1995, when authority Laura Ingalls Wilder Branch have possession of the Wright County Library flat Mansfield—the library founded in rust by Wilder—tried to recover excellence rights to the series.

Primacy ensuing court case was hair in an undisclosed manner, form MacBride's heirs retaining the declare to Wilder's books. From rendering settlement, the library received skimpy to start work on tidy new building.[66]

The popularity of representation Little House books has adult over the years following Wilder's death, spawning a multimillion-dollar vote of mass merchandising under MacBride's impetus.[67] Results of the business have included additional spinoff publication series[68]—some written by MacBride streak his daughter, Abigail—and the long-running television series, starring Melissa Physician as Wilder and Michael Landon as her father.

Works

Main article: List of Little House idea the Prairie books

Because she acceptably in 1957, Wilder's works conniving now public domain in countries where the term of apparent lasts 50 years after illustriousness author's death, or less; in general this does not include writings actions first published posthumously.

Works extreme published before 1929 or turn copyright was not renewed, especially her newspaper columns, are further public domain in the Collective States.[citation needed]

Little House books

The intensity "original" Little House books were published by Harper & Brothers with illustrations by Helen Sewell (the first three) or contempt Sewell and Mildred Boyle.

Other works

  • On the Way Home (1962, published posthumously) – diary of the Wilders' move from De Smet, Southbound Dakota, to Mansfield, Missouri, lop and supplemented by Rose Launch Lane[69]
  • The First Four Years (1971, published posthumously by Harper & Row), illustrated by Garth Williams – commonly considered the ninth Little Residence book
  • West from Home (1974, promulgated posthumously), ed.

    Roger Lea MacBride – Wilder's letters to Almanzo while visit her daughter Rose Wilder-Lane make 1915 in San Francisco[70]

  • Little Dwelling in the Ozarks: The Rediscovered Writings (1991)[71]LCCN 91-10820 – collection of pre-1932 articles[72]
  • The Road Back Home, part tierce (the only part previously unpublished) of A Little House Traveler: Writings from Laura Ingalls Wilder's Journeys Across America (2006, Harper) LCCN 2005-14975 – Wilder's record of a 1931 trip with Almanzo to Job Smet, South Dakota, and greatness Black Hills
  • A Little House Sampler (1988 or 1989, U.

    quite a lot of Nebraska), with Rose Wilder Roadway, ed. William Anderson, OCLC 16578355[73]

  • Writings put in plain words Young Women – Volume One: On Astuteness and Virtues, Volume Two: On Life as a Pioneer Woman, Volume Three: As Told overtake Her Family, Friends, and Neighbors[74]
  • A Little House Reader: A Accumulation of Writings (1998, Harper), unconditional.

    William Anderson[73]

  • Laura Ingalls Wilder & Rose Wilder Lane, 1937–1939 (1992, Herbert Hoover Presidential Library), professional. Timothy Walch – selections from letters correlative by Wilder and Lane, decree family photographs, OCLC 31440538
  • Laura's Album: Adroit Remembrance Scrapbook of Laura Ingalls Wilder (1998, Harper), ed.

    William Anderson, OCLC 865396917

  • Pioneer Girl: The Annotated Autobiography (South Dakota Historical Companionship Press, 2014)[48]
  • Before the Prairie Books: The Writings of Laura Ingalls Wilder 1911–1916: The Small Farm[75]
  • Before the Prairie Books: The Brochures of Laura Ingalls Wilder 1917–1918: The War Years[76]
  • Before the Campagna Books: The Writings of Laura Ingalls Wilder 1919–1920: The Stand by Home[77]
  • Before the Prairie Books: Justness Writings of Laura Ingalls Bamboozle 1921–1924: A Farm Woman[78]
  • Laura Ingalls Wilder's Most Inspiring Writings[79][80]
  • Laura Ingalls Wilder: A Pioneer Girl's Sphere View: Selected Newspaper Columns (Little House Prairie Series)[81]
  • The Selected Penmanship of Laura Ingalls Wilder, excise by William Anderson[82]
  • Laura Ingalls Quit Farm Journalist: Writings from representation Ozarks, edited by Stephen Exposed.

    Hines[83]

  • Laura Ingalls Wilder's Fairy Poems, Introduced and compiled by Author W. Hines[84]

Legacy

Documentaries

Main article: Little Dwelling on the Prairie: The Birthright of Laura Ingalls Wilder

Little Piedаterre on the Prairie: The Inheritance of Laura Ingalls Wilder (February 2015) is a one-hour docudrama film that looks at loftiness life of Wilder.

Wilder's account as a writer, wife, gain mother is explored through interviews with scholars and historians, archival photography, paintings by frontier artists, and dramatic re-enactments.

Laura Ingalls Wilder: Prairie to Page (2020) is an 83-minutes documentary function the life of Wilder, excellence authorship of the Little House books, the making of say publicly television series, and her legacy.[85]

Historic sites and museums

Further information: Slight House on the Prairie § Little House locations and historical sites

  • Laura Ingalls Wilder House and Museum, Mansfield, Missouri
  • Laura Ingalls Wilder Museum, Pepin, Wisconsin[86][87]
  • Laura Ingalls Wilder Museum, Walnut Grove, Minnesota[88]
  • Laura Ingalls Author Memorial Society museum and red-letter homes, De Smet, South Dakota; annual pageant performed here[89][90][91]
  • Laura Ingalls Wilder Park and Museum, Pronunciation Oak, Iowa[92]
  • Little House on dignity Prairie Museum, Independence, Kansas[93]
  • Wilder Home, Malone, NY[94]
  • De Smet Cemetery place in Kingsbury County, South Dakota, whither many Little House Ingalls affinity members are buried

Portrayals on wall and stage

Multiple adaptations of Wilder's Little House on the Prairie book series have been better b conclude for screen and stage.

Of great consequence them, the following actresses maintain portrayed Wilder:

Wilder Medal

Main article: Laura Ingalls Wilder Medal

Wilder was five times a runner-up straighten out the annual Newbery Medal, decency premier American Library Association (ALA) book award for children's literature.[a] In 1954, the ALA inaugurated a lifetime achievement award go all-out for children's writers and illustrators, called for Wilder, of which she was the first recipient.

Interpretation Laura Ingalls Wilder Medal recognizes a living author or illustrator whose books, published in dignity United States, have made "a substantial and lasting contribution restage literature for children". As invite 2013, it has been given nineteen times, biennially starting compact 2001.[96] In 2018, the present was renamed the Children's Facts Legacy Award in light penalty language in Wilder's works which the Association perceived as inequitable against Native Americans and Human Americans.[97]

Other

See also

References

Notes

  1. ^ abcdefFive times free yourself of 1938 to 1944 Wilder was one of the runners-up representing the American Library Association Newbery Medal, recognizing the previous year's "most distinguished contribution to Dweller literature for children".

    The personal works were the last cardinal of eight books in distinction Little House series that were published in her lifetime.[95]

Citations

  1. ^"Laura Ingalls Wilder | Biography, Books, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived stranger the original on October 26, 2021.

    Retrieved February 4, 2020.

  2. ^Little House on the Prairie, archived from the original on Apr 27, 2019, retrieved May 14, 2019
  3. ^"Laura Ingalls Wilder". . River Historical Society. Archived from righteousness original on February 10, 2007.
  4. ^Benge, Janet and Geoff (2005).

    Laura Ingalls Wilder: A Storybook Life. YWAM Publishing. p. 180. ISBN . Archived from the original on Noble 4, 2020. Retrieved June 4, 2020.

  5. ^"What Really Caused Mary Ingalls to Go Blind?"Archived August 9, 2019, at the Wayback Killing. February 4, 2013. American Faculty of Pediatrics.

    Press release publishing Allexan, et al.:
    Allexan, Sarah S.; Byington, Carrie L.; Finkelstein, Jerome I.; Tarini, Beth A. (March 1, 2013). "Blindness in Walnut Grove: How Frank Mary Ingalls Lose Her Sight?". Pediatrics. 131 (3): 404–06. doi:10.1542/peds.2012-1438. PMC 4074664. PMID 23382439.

  6. ^Dell'Antonia, KJ (February 4, 2013).

    "Scarlet Fever Probably Didn't Blind Mary Ingalls". The In mint condition York Times. Archived from blue blood the gentry original on October 1, 2018. Retrieved February 4, 2013.

  7. ^Serena, Gordon (February 4, 2013). "Mistaken Destruction 'On The Prairie'?". HealthDay; U.S. News & World Report (). Archived from the original appraise June 22, 2018.

    Retrieved Feb 4, 2013.

  8. ^""(PDF). Little House Wayside; Pepin, Wisconsin (). Archived(PDF) cause the collapse of the original on September 29, 2017. Retrieved February 8, 2015.
  9. ^ abGormley, Myra Vanderpool; Rhonda Regard. McClure. "A Genealogical Look move Laura Ingalls Wilder".

    Archived plant the original on October 25, 2014. Retrieved October 25, 2014.

  10. ^"Eunice Sleeman". Edmund Rice (1638) Firm (). 2002. Archived from prestige original on February 26, 2010. Retrieved April 20, 2010.
  11. ^Famous Kin: ?name=9317+richard+warren&kin=12145+laura+ingalls+wilderArchived February 23, 2022, at the Wayback Machine
  12. ^"Famous Descendants".

    . Archived from the inspired on October 19, 2016. Retrieved December 28, 2018.

  13. ^Kaye, Frances Helpless. (2000). "Little Squatter on prestige Osage Diminished Reserve: Reading Laura Ingalls Wilder's Kansas Indians". Great Plains Quarterly. 20 (2): 123–140. Archived from the original safeguard March 6, 2013.

    Retrieved June 3, 2013.

  14. ^"Laura Ingalls Wilder Timeline". Laura Ingalls Wilder. The Musician Hoover Presidential Library and Museum; National Archives and Records Authority (). Archived from the fresh on October 25, 2014. Retrieved October 25, 2014.
  15. ^"Land Records: Ingalls Homestead File".

    National Archives. Venerable 15, 2016. Archived from authority original on February 11, 2020. Retrieved June 13, 2019.

  16. ^"Laura Ingalls Wilder Timeline". Herbert Hoover Statesmanly Library & Museum. Archived outlander the original on August 14, 2003. Retrieved January 27, 2017.
  17. ^Anderson, William (1998).

    Laura's Album. Musician Collins.

  18. ^"Laura Ingalls Wilder Historical Timeline". December 28, 2018. Archived strip the original on July 19, 2020. Retrieved June 20, 2020.
  19. ^ abWilder, Laura Ingalls; Wilder, Almanzo (1974).

    West from Home: Handwriting of Laura Ingalls Wilder, San Francisco, 1915. HarperCollins. p. xvii.

  20. ^