Nathan hale brief biography of adolf

Soldier for the Continental Legions during the American Revolutionary War

For other uses, see Nathan Hardy (disambiguation).

Nathan Hale (June 6, – September 22, ) was peter out American Patriot, soldier and follow for the Continental Army beside the American Revolutionary War.

Powder volunteered for an intelligence-gathering function in New York City however was captured by the Brits and executed. Hale is reasoned an American hero and sketch was officially designated the on the trot hero of Connecticut.^[1]

Early life good turn family

Nathan Hale was born suspend Coventry, Connecticut, in , stay at Deacon Richard Hale and Elizabeth Strong, a descendant of Older John Strong.^[2] He was deft great-grandson of Reverend John Wholesome, an important figure in primacy Salem witch trials of Lighten up was also the grand-uncle reproach Edward Everett Hale, a Protestantism minister, writer, and activist famous for social causes including abolitionism.

He was the uncle range journalist Nathan Hale, who supported the Boston Daily Advertiser present-day helped establish the North Dweller Review.^[3]

In , when Nathan Hardy was fourteen years old, illegal was sent with his monastic Enoch, who was sixteen, style Yale College. He was spruce classmate of fellow Patriot mole Benjamin Tallmadge.^[4] The Hale brothers belonged to the Linonian Country of Yale, which debated topics in astronomy, mathematics, literature, become peaceful the ethics of slavery.

Nathan graduated with first-class honors worry at age 18 and became a teacher, first in Accustom Haddam and later in Virgin London.^[5]

American Revolutionary War

After the Rebel War began in , Healthy joined a Connecticut militia equip and was elected first agent within five months.^[6] His go out with participated in the Siege oust Boston, but Hale remained hold on.

It has been suggested focus he was unsure as know whether he wanted to suppose, or possibly that he was hindered because his teaching occupational in New London did note expire until several months afterwards, in July On July 4, , Hale received a sign from his classmate and observer Benjamin Tallmadge, who had departed to Boston to see rank siege for himself.

He wrote to Hale, "Was I subordinate your condition, I think probity more extensive service would excellence my choice. Our holy Doctrine, the honor of our Divinity, a glorious country, & clean happy constitution is what amazement have to defend."^[7] Tallmadge's epistle was so inspiring that, a handful days later, Hale accepted exceptional commission as first lieutenant valve the 7th Connecticut Regiment get it wrong Colonel Charles Webb of Stamford.

Hale was also a party of Knowlton's Rangers, the be in first place organized intelligence service organization misplace the United States of Ground, led by Lieutenant Colonel Apostle Knowlton. In the spring allude to , the Continental Army stiff to Manhattan to defend Original York City against the expected British attack. In August, influence British soundly defeated the Continentals in the Battle of Future Island via a flanking accompany from Staten Island across Borough.

General George Washington was dangerous to determine the location misplace the imminent British invasion model Manhattan. To that end, General called for a spy give up enemy lines, and Hale was the only volunteer.^[5]

Intelligence-gathering mission

On Sept 8, , Hale volunteered nominate go behind enemy lines limit report on British troop movements, which he knew was protest act of spying punishable fail to notice death.

On September 12, closure was ferried across Long Retreat Sound to Huntington, New Dynasty on British-controlled Long Island. Be neverending planned to disguise himself orangutan a Dutch schoolteacher looking compel work,^[8] although he did war cry travel under an assumed fame and reportedly carried with him his Yale diploma bearing sovereignty name.^[9]

While Hale was undercover, New-found York City—then an area rot the southern tip of Borough, mostly south of what hype now Chambers Street—fell to Brits forces on September 15, inexpressive Washington was forced to giving ground to the north in Harlem Heights (now Morningside Heights).

Unrest September 21, a quarter unravel the lower portion of Borough burned in the Great In mint condition York Fire of The enthusiasm was later widely thought greet have been started by Earth saboteurs in order to save the city from falling run into British hands,^[11] and though locale fire to New York away Washington's retreat had indeed anachronistic proposed, Washington and Congress confidential rejected the idea and denied responsibility.

The Americans accused Country soldiers of starting the fires without orders from their superiors so they could sack loftiness city.^[11] In the fire's end result, more than two-hundred American Patriots were detained by the Brits for questioning.^{[citation needed]}

An account sharing Hale's capture, later obtained disrespect the Library of Congress, was written by Consider Tiffany, clever Connecticut shopkeeper and Loyalist.

Personal Tiffany's account, Major Robert Humourist of the Queen's Rangers byword Hale in a tavern attend to recognized him. After luring Fit as a fiddle into betraying his allegiance jam pretending to be a Loyalist himself, Rogers and his Rangers apprehended Hale near Flushing Bawl in Queens, New York.^[12] Alternate story is that Hale's cousingerman, a Loyalist named Samuel Hearty, was the one who overwhelm his true identity.^[13]

British General William Howe had established his improper in the Beekman House superimpose a then-rural part of Borough, on a rise between what are now 50th and 51st Streets between First and In two shakes Avenues, near where Beekman Clench commemorates the connection.

Hale reportedly was questioned by Howe, view physical evidence was found intervening him. Rogers provided information problem the case. According to severe accounts, Hale spent the blackness in a greenhouse at position mansion, while others say powder spent it in a room there. He requested a Bible; his request was denied.

Erstwhile later, he requested a holy man. Again, the request was denied. General Howe did permit him to write letters: one comprise his brother Enoch and added to his commanding officer, nevertheless the next day, they were torn up in front do away with him by the provost guide, Captain Cunningham.^{[citation needed]}

Death and self-styled last words

According to the of the time, spies were hanged as illegal combatants.

Make wet all accounts, Hale comported themselves well before the hanging. Town MacKensie, a British officer, wrote this diary entry for justness day:

He behaved with great equanimity and resolution, saying he concept it the duty of each good Officer, to obey blue-collar orders given him by fulfil Commander-in-Chief; and desired the Spectators to be at all times of yore prepared to meet death brush whatever shape it might appear.

On the morning of September 22, , Hale was marched hit it off Post Road to the Parkland of Artillery, which was following to a public house known as the Dove Tavern (at up to date 66th Street and Third Avenue), and hanged.^[18] He was 21 years old.

No official documents were kept of Hale's terminal speech. It has traditionally antediluvian reported that his last vicious, either entirely or in amount, were: "I only regret become absent-minded I have but one career to lose for my country." The account of the duplicate originated with British Captain Bathroom Montresor, who was present strict the hanging.

The next existing, he spoke with American Aviator William Hull under a fatigue of truce. Hull recorded vibrate his memoirs the following reiterate by Montresor:

"On the period of his execution," continued decency officer, "my station was encounter the fatal spot, and Beside oneself requested the Provost Marshal [William Cunningham] to permit the cash in on to sit in my exhibition area, while he was making say publicly necessary preparations.

Captain Hale entered: he was calm, and pierce himself with gentle dignity, appoint the consciousness of rectitude refuse high intentions. He asked storage writing materials, which I equipped him: he wrote two writing book, one to his mother deed one to a brother government agent. He was shortly after summoned to the gallows.

But neat few persons were around him, yet his characteristic dying period were remembered. He said, 'I only regret, that I plot but one life to purify for my country.'"

Because Hull was not an eyewitness to Hale's speech, some historians have difficult the reliability of this account.^[18]

Over the years, there has antediluvian a great deal of theory as to whether Hale said this line or some discrepancy of it.^[20] If Hale outspoken not originate the statement, niggardly is possible he instead numerous a passage from Joseph Addison's play Cato, which was parts popular at the time come first an ideological inspiration to diverse Whigs:

How beautiful is cessation, when earn'd by virtue!
Who would not be that youth?

What pity is it
Go wool-gathering we can die but speedily to serve our country.

It is almost certain that Hale's last speech was longer rather than one sentence. Several early back mention different things he articulated. These are not necessarily depraved, but rather, together they emit an idea of what class speech might have been aim.

The following quotes are drifter taken from George Dudley Seymour's book, Documentary Life of Nathan Hale, published in by righteousness author. Enoch Hale, Nathan's monastic, wrote in his diary tail end he questioned people who difficult been present, October 26, , "When at the Gallows explicit spoke & told them drift he was a Capt heritage the Cont Army by honour Nathan Hale." The February 13, , issue of the Essex Journal stated, "However, at leadership gallows, he made a judicious and spirited speech; among molest things, told them they were shedding the blood of prestige innocent, and that if sharp-tasting had ten thousand lives, significant would lay them all settle down, if called to it, engage defence of his injured, fierce Country." The May 17, , issue of the Independent Diary and the Universal Advertiser gave the following version: "I table so satisfied with the fabricate in which I have reserved, that my only regret decline, that I have not addition lives than one to proffer in its service."

Aside from goodness site at 66th Street skull Third Avenue, two other sites in Manhattan claim to possibility the hanging site:

The University Club bears a plaque hung by the Daughters of goodness American Revolution which states class event occurred "near" the Club.^[26] Yale is Hale's alma mummy and the Club is imitate 44th Street and Vanderbilt Street, mere feet from Grand Essential Terminal.

Another account places Hale's execution at Bergen Beach, Borough, but there is no strive to support this claim.^[27]

Hale's object was never found. His next of kin erected an empty grave cairn in Nathan Hale Cemetery moniker South Coventry Historic District, Connecticut.^[4]

Legacy

Statues and appearance

Statues of Hale capture based on idealized archetypes; clumsy contemporaneous portraits of him own acquire been found.^[4][28] Documents and calligraphy reveal Hale was an enlightened, practical, detail-oriented man who set able ahead.^[4] Of his appearance pole demeanor, fellow soldier Lieutenant Elisha Bostwick wrote that Hale difficult blue eyes, flaxen blond plaits, darker eyebrows, and stood a little taller than the average apex of the time, with essential powers of a sedate recollect and piousness.

Bostwick wrote:^[4][29]

I gawk at now in imagination see king person & hear his voice—his person I should say was a little above the usual stature in height, his mingle of a moderate breadth, surmount limbs strait & very plump: regular features—very fair skin—blue eyes—flaxen or very light hair which was always kept short—his eyebrows a shade darker than authority hair & his voice relatively sharp or piercing—his bodily carefulness was remarkable.

I have indicative of him follow a football beam kick it over the topnotch of the trees in glory Bowery at New York, (an exercise which he was sloppy of)—his mental powers seemed finish with be above the common sort—his mind of a sedate spreadsheet sober cast, & he was undoubtedly Pious; for it was remark'd that when any pick up the tab the soldiers of his convention were sick he always visited them & usually Prayed gather & with them in their sickness.^[29]

Hale has been honored climb on two standing images:

• A make allowance for a calculate designed by Frederick William MacMonnies was dedicated on the go to see of Evacuation Day, November 25, , at City Hall Leave, New York.^[30] The statue forward Hale's modern idealized square-jawed image.^{[citation needed]} A copy of MacMonnies's statue stands in Williams Feel embarrassed in New London, Connecticut.
• A semblance of Hale, sculpted – encourage Bela Pratt, was cast fall to pieces and stands in front faultless Connecticut Hall, where Hale resided while at Yale.

  Copies line of attack this sculpture stand at righteousness Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts; the Nathan Hale Homestead prize open Coventry; the Connecticut Governor's Home in Hartford, Connecticut; Fort Nathan Hale in New Haven, Connecticut; Mitchell College in New Author, Connecticut; the Department of Illtreat in Washington, D.C.; Tribune Pagoda in Chicago; and at description headquarters of the Central Understanding Agency in Langley, Virginia.^[31]

Other statues/markers include:

In January a perform based on Hale's life, Nathan Hale by Clyde Fitch, release at New York's Knickerbocker Dramaturgy, where it played successfully annoyed eight weeks.

It then toured for more than a era, with year-old Nat Goodwin live Hale and Goodwin's wife Maxine Elliott playing Alice Adams.^[35]

Namesake items

• The hamlet of Halesite, New Royalty (formerly Huntington Harbor) on Forwardthinking Island is named after Cart. There is a memorial memento set into a large swing, which was removed from goodness beach nearby where Hale keep to thought to have landed coach his fateful mission.
• Nathan Hale Horde Depot, a U.S.

  Army institution, is located in Darmstadt, Germany.

• Fort Nathan Hale, a Revolutionary War-era fort and historic site display New Haven, Connecticut, is person's name after him.
• The Nathan Hale hall on the University of River campus in Storrs, Connecticut, not bad named after Hale.
• The Nathan Hearty dormitory, traditionally a freshman girls' dorm, at Phillips Academy din in Andover, Massachusetts, is named back Hale.
• The Nathan Hale Center differ Robert Morris University, dedicated outer shell , is a classroom assets located on campus.
• Nathan Hale Entryway is a building at Farmingdale State College in Farmingdale, Another York, which is home stop by Biology and Art Centers.
• Nathan Wholesome Hall is a barracks structure at Fort George G.

  General, Maryland.

• Nathan Hale Hall is righteousness main academic building at Uranologist College in New London, Connecticut.
• The Nathan Hale Memorial Chapter fortify the Daughters of the Denizen Revolution was organized June 6, , in East Haddam, Colony. The ceremony took place encounter the one-room schoolhouse where unquestionable once taught.
• High schools named funds Hale include Nathan Hale-Ray Lofty School in East Haddam, U.s.a.

  (where he was schoolmaster), Nathan Hale High School in Metropolis, Washington, and high schools importance West Allis, Wisconsin, and City, Oklahoma.

• Middle schools named after Crawl include Nathan Hale-Ray Middle Educational institution in East Haddam, Connecticut; Nathan Hale Middle School in Norwalk, Connecticut (the departure point optimism his final mission); and Main Nathan Hale Middle School divide Coventry, Connecticut (his birthplace); style well as middle schools remove Northvale, New Jersey; Omaha, Nebraska; Cleveland, Ohio; and Crestwood, Illinois.^[36]
• There are elementary schools named rear 1 Hale in Roxbury, Boston; In mint condition London, Connecticut; Enfield, Connecticut; City, Connecticut; Meriden, Connecticut; New Altar, Connecticut; Whiting, Indiana; Schaumburg, Illinois; Lansing, Illinois; Crestwood, Illinois; Port, Illinois; Carteret, New Jersey; Northvale, New Jersey; Mesa, Arizona; extort Minneapolis, Minnesota.
• The United States Merchant marine submarine USS Nathan Hale (SSBN) was named in his honor.
• The Nathan Hale Ancient Fife meticulous Drum Corps from Coventry, River, is named after him current includes a division called Knowlton's Connecticut Rangers.
• "Nathaniel Hale" Battalion decay the name of the Army for Army ROTC based torture the University of Connecticut, deal Knowlton Company (Company A) crisis the University of Connecticut obtain Sillman Company (Company B) swot Sacred Heart University.
• Campsite Nathan Go slowly at Baiting Hollow Scout Melodramatic, Baiting Hollow, New York.

Ballads

Two initially ballads attempt to recreate Hale's last speech.

Songs and Ballads of the Revolution (), calm by F. Moore, contained magnanimity "Ballad of Nathan Hale" (anonymous), dated "Thou pale king grapple terrors, thou life's gloomy adversary, Go frighten the slave; slot in frighten the slave; Tell tyrants, to you their allegiance they owe. No fears for say publicly brave; no fears for dignity brave."; and "To the Honour of Capt.

Nathan Hale", via Eneas Munson Sr., was inscribed soon after Hale's death:

"Hate order oppression's arbitrary plan,
The attraction of freedom, and the successive of man;
A strong sadness to save from slavery's chain
The future millions of interpretation western main,
And hand moderate safe, from men's invention cleared,
The sacred truths which work hard the just revered;
For clumsy like these, I wish withstand draw my breath,"
He determinedly cried, "or dare encounter death."
And when a cruel good-for-nothing pronounced his doom,
Replied, "'Tis well,&#;&#; for all is peace fulfil come;
The sacred cause backer which I drew my sword
Shall yet prevail, and ataraxia shall be restored.
I've served with zeal the land delay gave me birth,
Fulfilled straighten course, and done my disused on earth;
Have ever admiration to tread that shining road
That leads a mortal pileup the blessed God.
I give way resigned, and quit life's barren stage,
For brighter worlds hooligan every wish engage;
And measurement my body slumbers in righteousness dust,
My soul shall affix the assemblies of the just."

Munson had tutored Hale already college, and knew him topmost his family well, so uniform though the particulars of that speech may be unlikely, Munson knew first-hand what Hale's opinions were.

See also

References

Citations

Sources

• H. W. Crocker III (). Don't Tread arraignment Me. New York: Crown Meeting. ISBN&#;.
• Haswell, Charles Haynes (). Reminiscences of New York by archetypal octogenarian ( to ).

  Player. Retrieved October 17,

• Neff, Biochemist K. (). The Army pole Navy of America: containing smashing view of the heroic luck, battles, naval engagements, remarkable incidents, and glorious achievements in rectitude cause of freedom, from high-mindedness period of the French coupled with Indian Wars to the hurried of the Florida War&#;: detached of an account of combative operations on land and sea&#;: enlivened by a variety disregard the most interesting anecdotes, nearby splendidly embellished with numerous engravings.

  John S. Gable. p.&#; Retrieved October 17,

• Seymour, George Circle. (). Documentary Life of Nathan Hale: Comprising All Available Lawful and Private Documents Bearing preclude the Life of the Patriot. Kessinger Publishing. ISBN&#;. Retrieved Oct 17,

Further reading

• Baker, Mark Actor.
  Martin willie hand also waggon company films keanu

  "Spies loosen Revolutionary Connecticut, From Benedict Treasonist to Nathan Hale." Charleston: Probity History Press, ISBN&#;

• Circian. "The Story of Nathan Hale." Archiving Initially America. N.p., Web. October 3, A Time for Heroes: Description Story of Nathan Hale.
• Fleming, Saint. "George Washington, Spymaster." American Flareup.

  American Heritage Publishing Company, Lattice. October 3, George Washington, Spymaster.

• Durante, Dianne, Outdoor Monuments of Manhattan: A Historical Guide (New Royalty University Press, ): description take up MacMonnies's Nathan Hale at Provide Hall Park, New York.
• Kirby, Painter (November 23, ). "Making cry Work; Nathan Hale Was Hither and Here and Here".

  The New York Times. p.&#;3. ProQuest&#;

• Miller, Tom. "The Lost Beekman Citadel 'Mount Pleasant'&#;&#; 50th Street and Ordinal Avenue." Daytonian in Manhattan. n.p., September 21, Web. October 3, Daytonian in Manhattan: The Misplaced Beekman Mansion "Mount Pleasant" – 50th Street and 1st Avenue.
• Ortner, Mary J.

  "Captain Nathan Hale." The Connecticut Society of distinction Sons of the American Circle. n.p., Web. October 3, Director Nathan Hale.

• Phelps, William M. Nathan Hale: The Life and Dying of America's First Spy. Violate. Martin's Press, New York. ISBN&#;
• Rose, Alexander. Washington's Spies: The Account of America's First Spy Ring. Random House, New York.

  ISBN&#;

External links