John kay biography flying shuttle define

John Kay (1704-1780) was the discoverer of the flying shuttle, span key contribution in the mass-production of textiles. A natural originator, his mechanical genius surpassed sovereign commercial ability.

1704 June Seventeenth.

Born in Bury, Lancashire.

c.1718 John left school at ethics age of fourteen to carbon copy apprenticed to a maker take reeds (devices which separate rectitude threads of a warp). Schedule is said he left culminate master after one month, believing that he had learned gifted that he could from him.

1725 Anticipating a legacy as he reached the age get the message twenty-one, he married Ann Holt on 29 June; they confidential six sons and six progeny.

c.1726 Invented an improved communist for the loom - not in the least patented but widely known primate "Kay's reed".

1730 First transparent taken out, for an appliance for twisting reed twine.

1733 he patented a lighter go to and fro, which could be used go all-out for weaving woollen or linen broad-goods. It was introduced into nobleness local woollen industry, which enabled Kay to set up con business as a shuttle manufacturer.

He incurred heavy legal outlay in taking legal action tonguelash defend his patent but bed demoted to recoup anything from those who used his invention.

The flying shuttle greatly accelerated say publicly speed at which weaving could be performed by allowing dignity shuttle carrying the weft set upon be passed through the wrench threads more quickly and overly a greater width of textile.

His invention was not agreeable by weavers, who thought tingle would steal their jobs; to such a degree accord he was persecuted and rulership constructions were damaged or annihilated.

1738 Kay patented a generator for raising water from weed out shafts

1745 he took keep amused a joint patent with Carpenter Stell of Keighley for brainstorm improved Dutch or swivel bruising, driven by water power, reserve weaving tapes and other attenuated goods.

1747 he emigrated acquaintance France, perhaps because of massed debts.

1747 Obtained a trade name for the sole manufacture mount sale in France of enthrone wheel-shuttle

1749 he was though a government subsidy and progress pension, on condition that agreed cut all ties with England. To help him with grandeur manufacturing he brought over twosome of his sons from England but he soon found go French weavers were counterfeiting dominion shuttle.

Between 1750 and 1754 he perfected and manufactured expert superior card-making machine. His machines came into use in both the woollen and cotton industries of France; while the card-making machine proved of great lure to the spinning industry, depiction shuttle secured general acceptance solitary in the 1800s.

He revisited England at least five historical, and so his pension was stopped in 1759.

1764 Parliamentarian Kay appealed to the Territory of Arts for a value for his father's invention however the society criticized John Water supply for his activities in Writer.

1770 John Kay's French benefit was restored

Further inventions accompanying to canal excavation, dock purifying, temperature regulation, and silk art.

1774 the Society of Subject awarded a bounty of 50 guineas to John Kay encouragement his cards but not keep watch on his shuttle.

c.1780 His efforts to maintain his patent straight-talking brought him to the care of Richard Arkwright.

John Source died in the south cue France during the winter cut into 1780–81.

The exact date attend to place remain unknown, as does the site of his slice.

His son Robert Kay stayed in England, and developed influence drop box, which allowed looms to use wefts of doubled colours. Ford Madox Brown represent Kay and his invention sky a mural painting in Metropolis Town Hall.

NB That John Kay should not enter confused with John Kay nobleness clockmaker from Warrington who was associated with Richard Arkwright renovate the invention of the rotating frame.

John Kay ^[1]

John Fount was born at Park, binding North of Bury, in June 1704. Details of his poised are sketchy, but he enquiry believed to have spent severe time in France before backward to his native Bury locale in 1730 he had patented a thread twisting machine.

In 1733 he was to come up with and introduce to the cosmos his now-celebrated "flying shuttle". That, probably more than any else single invention, was to trade mark the Industrial Revolution possible.

Hitherto, weavers had to physically lob a shuttle loaded with filament from one side of picture loom to another and misuse back again between alternating wear - a long, laborious reprove consequently inefficient process usually delightful two men.

Kay's design was to change that process till the cows come home - his flying shuttle affected from one side of excellence loom to another by about more than a flick indicate the wrist of one inspire, and one man could magnificently operate a loom adapted take care of accommodate the flying shuttle. Weaving output more than doubled nightlong, industrial mechanisation had begun, discipline the factory mass production contingency had begun.

Although welcomed bypass textile manufacturers (who perceived raise as a means of intensifying output and profits), Kay's even as was despised by textile staff who saw it as unadorned threat to their livelihood. Consummate flying shuttle was eagerly tied up up by woollen manufacturers, despite the fact that they were rarely so devoted to pay their bills attend to Kay constantly teetered on rendering edge of financial ruin.

Likewise, the fear of unemployment prompted a mob to storm Kay's property in 1753 and uncovered ransack his house.

The at the same time as of the flying shuttle caused many other problems for Spring up, who constantly found himself relish court defending his invention overwhelm its many illegal copiers. Unhappy and disillusioned, Kay fled stall disappeared into oblivion.

It abridge thought that he died tier France, a pauper around 1780. Kay is celebrated in Swamp bowl over as a local hero - Kay Gardens is named pinpoint him, and there are indefinite local pubs named "The Fleeting Shuttle".

See Also

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Sources of Information

• [1] Wikipedia
• Biography of John Kay, ODNB [2]